Phaeacian Civilisation

Question 1

What constitutes civilization in the Homeric period? (10)

Answer 1

 respect for the gods,

 observance of xenia,

 cultivation of the land,

 stock-rearing,

 a social structure- in particular the patriarchy

 obedience to conventional rules of conduct in peace, diplomacy and war,

 buildings in stone,

 assemblies of the people to discuss and resolve issues of public concern,

 poetry and song,

 sense of community.

Question 2

Why might the Phaeacian society be considered uncivilized?

Answer 2

 the queen’s prestige and influence is equal to the king’s;
 they don’t welcome strangers;
()the gods appear at their sacrifices in person and without disguise;
 expert sailors, they guide their boats by telepathic thought;
()they don’t have weapons ;
 they live in isolation and peace;
 they take Odysseus home by boat two days after he arrives;
 Nausicaa doesn’t want to marry a Phaeacian;

Question 3

Why might the Phaeacian society be considered civilized?

Answer 3

 they have well-built harbours;
 a temple dedicated to Poseidon;
 the women are exceptionally good at weaving;
 they load Odysseus with rich gifts;
 and don’t expect any gifts in return;
 they love sports, dancing, hot baths, changes of clothes and singers;
 there is much drinking and pouring of libations.
()the gods appear at their sacrifices in person and without disguise;
()there are harvests all year round;
 expert sailors, they guide their boats by telepathic thought;
 they live in isolation and peace;
 they take Odysseus home by boat two days after he arrives;

Question 4

How do the examiners want you to answer?

Answer 4

Answers should evaluate Phaeacian life and society in relation to Homeric concepts of

civilized existence, assessing whether the unusual and unique features of Phaeacia provide

evidence of superior civilization tending towards perfection, or whether they suggest

effeteness and softness, and estrangement from reality. The xenia shown to Odysseus

may be seen in some ways as exemplary, but is also one-sided, as the Phaeacians make sure

there is no further contact and seem eager to send him on his way. Answers should show

balanced argument for and against the proposition, reaching a reasoned conclusion by

evaluation of the evidence.