Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1ST YR BS PHARMA > PHA613 PersPharm - History > Flashcards

PHA613 PersPharm - History Flashcards

1
Q

Before the dawn of history, there were 2 things that people of before used to think and do. What are those?

A

Beliefs and Remedies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • Sickness caused by evil forces
  • punishment from the gods

Before the Dawn of History

A

Beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Offer sacrifices like food and prayers
  • Use of natural resources like plants, mud, animals and minerals.

Before the Dawn of History

A

Remedies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Ancient man learned from logical reasoning of animals behavior

A

FALSE. They learned form INSTINCT & OBSERVATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ancient made use of what materials to create his FIRST Soothing application. Name the 4.

A

cool water
mud
leaves
dirt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The History of Pharmacy has three eras/ages. Name the 3 (in order)

A

Antiquity
Middle Ages
Modern Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was “Pharmacy” called before?

A

Apothecary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This place was the cradle of civilization

A

Babylon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This was also called the “Jewel of ancient Mesopotamia”

A

Babylon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The EARLIEST known record of practice of the art of the apothecary was during what time?

A

Ancient Babylon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

During the ancient of Babylon, name the 3 practitioners of healing

A

priests
pharmacists
physicians

All in One

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the first record of the symptomsof illness, the prescription and directions for compounding, and invocation to the gods were recorded on a ___?

* Medical texts

A

Clay tablets of Mesopotamia (800 tablets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In ancient China, the practice of pharmacy originated from whom?

A

Shen Nung (2000 BC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Father of Chinese Pharmaceuticals

A

Shen Nung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Emperor who investigated the medicinal value of herbs

A

Shen Nung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_____ Native herbal plants: podophyllum, rhubarb, ginseng, stramonium, cinnamon bark, ma huang or ephedra

A

365

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Shen Nung wrote a book called ___

A

Pen T-Sao (The Botanical Basis of Pharmacy), or native herbals

Lists 365 native herbal plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a Taoist & natural philosopher

A

Lao Tzu (500 BC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

author of “The Way”

A

Lao Tzu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lao Tzu promoted concept of health and prosperity through ____ and _____ of natural cosmic cycles

A

awareness and observance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

promoted concept of health and prosperity through awareness and observance of natural cosmic cycles

A

Lao Tzu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

balanced of Yin & Yang

A

Qi (energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Yin is unbalanced, therefore Yang tries to balance it.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
In Ancient China, people rely on the concept of energy (Qi)

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Yin and Yang are different but they complement each other

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Yin and Yang if imbalanced causes illness

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Papyrus Ebers is under what ancient period?

A

Ancient Egypt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

oldest, best known and most important pharmaceutical record

A

Papyrus Ebers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The Papyrus Ebers is how many yards (or ft) long?

A

21 yards (60ft)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The Papyrus Ebers contains __ Rx mentioning ____ drugs.

A

800 Rx; 700 drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What were the COMMON DOSAGE FORMS (Egyptian preparations) of Egyptians

MEMORIZE THIS!!!

A

gargles
suppositories
inhalations
poultices
ointments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Name the 3 Biblical Records (1200 BC)

A

Book of Sirach
Genesis
Exodus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

creation of medicines by God

A

Book of Sirach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

myrrh as astringent, carminative and protectant

A

Genesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

olibanum (frankinscence)

A

Exodus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Also called “Sealed Earth”

A

Terra Sigillata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
  • One day each year clay was dug from a pit on a Lemnos hillside in the presence of governmental and religious dignitaries
  • washed, refined, rolled to a mass of proper thickness
  • formed in to pastilles and impressed with an official seal by priestesses, then sun-dried
  • the tablets were then widely distributed commercially
A

Terra Sigillata (Sealed Earth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Father of Medicine

A

Hippocrates(460B.C.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Terra Sigillata is present in what period?

A

Ancient Mediterranean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

He sought the rationalization of treatment

A

Hippocrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

He showed the fundamentals of scientific method

A

Hippocrates

He used a scientific way of diagnosis and treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus (300 B.C.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Philosopher and natural scientists

A

Theophrastus (300 B.C.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Who are the two renowned person in Ancient Greece?

A

Hippocrates
Theophrastus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

observations and writings dealing with the medical qualities and peculiarities of herbs are accurate, even in the light of present knowledge

A

Theophrastus(300 B.C.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

In this ancient period, there was a thin line separating therapeutic and toxicology.

A

Ancient Turkey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

King of Pontus

A

Mithridates VI (100 B.C.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Father of Toxicology/Royal Toxicologist

A

Mithridates VI (100 B.C.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

studied the art of poisoning and the art of preventing and counteracting poisoning

A

Mithridates VI (100 B.C.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q
  • Mitridates famed formula of alleged pan-antidotal powers
  • popular for over a thousand years
  • antidote against all kinds of poision
A

Mithridatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

One of the first therapeutic agents to bear a trademark as a means of identification of source and of gaining customers’ confidence

A

Terra Sigillata (Sealed Earth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q
  • a clay tablet originating on the Mediterranean island of Lemnos before 500 B.C.
A

Terra Sigillata (Sealed Earth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Father of Pharmacology

A

Pedanios Dioscorides (1st A.D.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Pedanios Dioscorides (1st A.D.) wrote a compiled his records and is called ____?

A

De Materia Medica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

De Materia Medica recorded ___ plants and ___ minerals

A

600 plants and 90 minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What period is Pedanios Dioscorides part of?

A

Middle Ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

He recorded what he observed, promulgated excellent rules for collection of drugs, their storage and use (The Herbal)
a. who is he?
b. what is the record called?

A

a. Pedanios Dioscorides (1st A.D.)
b. De Materia Medica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
The texts od Dioscorides were considered** basic science **as late as the 16th century

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

First Pharmacist / Botanist

A

Claudius Galen (130-200 A.D.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

His principles of preparing and compounding medicines ruled in the Western world for 1,500 years

A

Claudius Galen (130-200 A.D.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Practiced and taught both Pharmacy and Medicine in Rome

A

Claudius Galen (130-200 A.D.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

EXPERIMENTER IN DRUG COMPOUNDING

A

Claudius Galen (130-200 A.D.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

class of pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means

A

Galenicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Galen was the originator of the formula for a ____

A

cold cream (Galen’s cerates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

basis of treaties on simple drugs

A

Galen’s medical writings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

similar to dispensatories

A

Antidotaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

more modest formularies

A

Receptaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

PHARMACY’S PATRON SAINTS

A

DAMIAN AND COSMAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

the apothecary

A

Damian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

the physician

A

Cosmas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q
  • Twinship of the health professions
  • Arabian descent
A

Damian and Cosmas

66
Q

Damian and Cosmas careers were cut short in the year ___ by ____

A

303 by martyrdom

67
Q
A
67
Q

After canonization, they became the patron saints of Pharmacy and Medicine

A

Damian and Cosmas

68
Q

Practice of Pharmacy and Medicine passed from lay practitioners to the clerics

A

Monastic Pharmacy

69
Q

was the center of intellectual life (5th to 12th century)

A

Monastic Pharmacy

70
Q

Collected and cultivated medicinal plants

A

Monks

71
Q

Distilled aromatic and cordial waters

A

Monks

72
Q

Name the 2 famous manuscripts in the Monastic Pharmacy

A
  1. De Viribus Herbarum (Herbs Used by the People)
  2. Causae et Curae
73
Q

Abbot Odo in France

A

De Viribus Herbarum (Herbs Used by the People)

74
Q

Abbess Hildegard in Germany

A

Causae et Curae

75
Q

They separated the arts of apothecary and physician

A

The Arabs

76
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. The Egyptians established the first apothecary shops

A

FALSE. The ARABS

76
Q
A
77
Q
A
77
Q

Established in Baghdad (late 8th century) the 1st privately owned drugstore

A

The Arabs

78
Q

The Arabs established in ______ (late 8th century) the 1st privately owned drugstore

A

Baghdad

79
Q

treaties were more influential and authoritative in Europe

A

The Arabs

79
Q
A
80
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Developed more refined and elegant way of administering drugs

A

TRUE

81
Q

Known as Avicenna by the Western world

A

Ibn Sina

81
Q

Considered as occupational ancestors of pharmacists who est. their practice of preparation of more sophisticated medicines in Baghdad.

A

Arabs

82
Q

Pharmacist, poet, physician, philosopher, diplomat

A

Ibn Sina

83
Q

What were Ibn Sina’s contribution to the sciences of Pharmacy and Medicine

A

His pharmacetuicals teachings

84
Q

He issued the Magna Carta of 1240

A

Frederick II

84
Q

THE “PERSIAN GALEN”

A

Avicenna

85
Q

The Persian Galen

A

Ibn Sina

85
Q

Issued by Frederick II, head of the Holy Roman Empire

A

Magna Carta of 1240

86
Q

Edict creating pharmacy as an independent branch of public welfare service

A

Magna Carta of 1240

86
Q

the ruler of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies

A

Frederick II

87
Q

What are the two groups that collaborated to conceptualize the FIRST PHARMACOPEIA

A

Guild of Apothecaries
Medical Society

87
Q
A
88
Q
A
88
Q

Pharmacy was separated from Medicine in ___ and _____

A

Sicily and southern Italy

89
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
In the Magna Carta of 1240, the ff were the conditions:

  1. No limitation of the numbers of pharmacies
  2. Fixed the prices of remedies
  3. Did not require official supervision to pharmaceutical practice
  4. Made the use of prescribed formulary compulsory
A
  1. False. There is a limitation
  2. True
  3. FALSE. REQUIRED
  4. True
90
Q

The First Official Pharmacopoeia originated from

A

Florence, Italy

91
Q

The First Official Pharmacopoeia is also called as

A

Nuovo Receptario

written in ITALIAN

92
Q

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus

A

Paracelsus (1493 –1541 A.D.)

92
Q

The first official pharmacopeia was published and became the legal standard for the city-state in year what?

A

1498

93
Q

Revolutionized Pharmacy on medicinal active “quintessence” from natural resources

A

Paracelsus (1493 –1541 A.D.)

94
Q

transformed pharmacy from botanical science to chemical science such as minerals.

A

Paracelsus (1493 –1541 A.D.)

94
Q

led to important discoveries in drug therapy

A

Paracelsus (1493 –1541 A.D.)

95
Q

In 1617, he formed a separated company

A

Francis Bacon

95
Q

Paracelsus transformed pharmacy from _____ science to _____ science such as minerals.

A

botanical to chemical science

96
Q

Master, Wardens and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London

A

The Society of Apothecaries of London

97
Q

First organization of pharmacists in the Anglo-Saxon World

A

The Society of Apothecaries of London

98
Q

Cradle of European professional pharmacy

A

Italy

99
Q

State the 4 reasons why European world is indebted to Italy

A
  • 1st professional European apothecary shop
  • 1st post-antique antidotary
  • 1st pharmacopoeia
  • 1st real botanical garden
100
Q

1st official pharmacopoeia of the European world

A

Ricettario Florentino

Book

101
Q

digitalis, digoxin

Modern Age (18th century)

A

William Withering

Modern Age (18th century)

102
Q

arsenic, chlorine, glycerin, organic acids

Modern Age (18th century)

A

Karl Scheele

Modern Age (18th century)

103
Q

eradication of small pox

Modern Age (18th century)

A

Edward Jenner

Modern Age (18th century)

104
Q

1.

iodine in algae, bromine (sea water)

French Pharmacists

A

Bernard Courtois

French Pharmacists

105
Q

Joseph Caventou & Pierre Pelletier

French Pharmacists

A

quinine, caffeine

Isolated alkaloids

French Pharmacists

105
Q

hyoscyamine and atropine

German Pharmacists

A

Rudolf Brandes & Philipp Geiger

German Pharmacists

105
Q

flourine by electrolytic methods

French Pharmacists

A

Henri Moissan

French Pharmacists

105
Q

Pierre Robiquet

French Pharmacists

A

codeine

French Pharmacists

106
Q

Prontosil (Sulfa drug), for hemolytic streptococci

20th Century Scientists

A

Gerhardt Domagk

20th Century Scientists

106
Q

Frederick Serturner

German Pharmacists

A

Isolated morphine, an alkaloid

German Pharmacists

106
Q

salicin from willow bark, nicotine from tobacco; aspirin and nicotinic acid production

German Pharmacists

A

Johannes Buchner

German Pharmacists

107
Q

Arsphenamine –syphilis

20th Century Scientists

A

Paul Ehrlich

20th Century Scientists

108
Q

insulin

20th Century Scientists

A

Frederick Banting & Charles Best

20th Century Scientists

109
Q

penicillin

20th Century Scientists

A

Alexander Fleming

20th Century Scientists

110
Q

streptomycin & neomycin

20th Century Scientists

A

Selman Waksman

20th Century Scientists

111
Q

injectable vaccine for polio

20th Century Scientists

A

Jonas Salk

20th Century Scientists

112
Q

oral vaccine for polio

20th Century Scientists

A

Albert Sabin

20th Century Scientists

113
Q

A religious sect who cultivated herbs and supplied medicinal herbs around the world

Pharmacy in USA

A

The Shakers

Pharmacy in USA

114
Q

Father of American Pharmacy

Pharmacy in USA

A

William Procter Jr.

Pharmacy in USA

114
Q

advocated for prescription writing

Pharmacy in USA

A

John Morgan

Pharmacy in USA

114
Q

first hospital pharmacist in America

Pharmacy in USA

A

Jonathan Roberts

Pharmacy in USA

114
Q

America’s first Apothecary General; developed wholesaling and manufacturing business of drugs.

A

Andrew Craigie

114
Q

introduced the use of medicine dropper; developed the apparatus for the administration of oxygen; invented glass ampules.

Pharmacy in USA

A

Stanislas Limousin

Pharmacy in USA

115
Q

developed chemotherapy

Pharmacy in USA

A

Ernest Francois Auguste Forneau

Pharmacy in USA

116
Q
  • Est. an apothecary in Philadelphia
  • Pioneered the pharmaceutical enterprise
  • Practical training school for pharmacists
A

Christopher Marshall

117
Q

Isolated oxygen, discovered chlorine and lactic acid

A

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

118
Q

First President of the American Pharmaceutical Association

A

Daniel B. Smith

118
Q

formerly fulfilled the role of albularyos

A

Babaylans

118
Q

o Folk healers / witch doctors
o Relied on using plants (herbs), rituals or chants, and traditional methods of healing such as ”hilot” or massage

A

Albularyo / Arbularyo / Herbolaryo

118
Q

Independently developed the diphtheria antitoxin

A

Emil von Behring and Emile Roux

118
Q

Preparations in cold and hot water

A

Macerations

119
Q

Preparations in oil of the curative plant parts

A

Infusions or decoctions

119
Q

Preparation:_____ and some powders

A

Poultices

120
Q

Preparations with a waxy base

A

Resinous plasters and salves

121
Q

Preparation: a few empyreumatic products

A

Inhalationsand fumigations and

122
Q

When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, they recognized three groups of natives working for the sick:

A
  1. the mediquillos (diminutive for medicos)
  2. the curanderos (curers)
  3. the herbolarios (curers using herbs)
123
Q

(diminutive for medicos)

A

the mediquillos

124
Q

the curanderos

A

(curers)

125
Q

(curers using herbs)

A

the herbolarios

126
Q

few doctors and pharmacists came to the Ph to practice their profession and they are called?

A

Facultativos

126
Q
A
127
Q

In 1843, the medical practice observed by the natives was recognized and allowed by ___ due to the lack of qualified personnel

A

Governor Francisco Alcala de la Torre

128
Q

unqualified persons, allowed only to dispense simple medicines but not to compound Rx.

A

Botiquines

128
Q

trained by foreign RPh , passed an examination conducted by the government and further issued a license

A

Farmaceutico de segunda clase

128
Q

First university in the Philippines to offer the Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy degree and licentiate in pharmacy in 1871 through the Dominican priests

A

University Of Santo Tomas

128
Q

first Filipino pharmacist; one of the first graduates among the class of six at UST

A

Don Leon Ma. Guerrero

128
Q

Father of Philippine Pharmacy”

A

Don Leon Ma. Guerrero

129
Q

Dispensing pharmacist, botanist, an educator and a leader

A

Don Leon Ma. Guerrero

130
Q

A missionary; first to make a written record of his findings on plants

A

Fr. Blas de la Madre de Dios

131
Q

A missionary;
* devoted his time studying medicinal plants for the sick
*authored Medicinas Caceras

A

Fr. Fernando Sta. Maria, OP

132
Q

Fr. Fernando Sta. Maria, OP authored the ?

A

Medicinas Caceras

133
Q

A missionary; authored Flora de Filipinas, a listing of some local medicinal plants

A

Fr. Manual Blanco, OSA

134
Q

Fr. Manual Blanco, OSA authored what ??

A

Flora de Filipinas

134
Q

First drugstore in the Philippines (1830)

A

Botica Boie

135
Q

An establishment that served as a soda fountain and a drug company the the old Escolta in Manila

A

Botica Boie

135
Q

Botica Boie was founded by a young physician-pharmacist

A

Dr. Lorenzo Negrao

135
Q

The bowl with a snake coiled around it is called the _____ with the serpent of Epidaurus.

A

BOWL OF HYGEIA

136
Q

What do you call the serpent in the bowl of hygeia

A

serpent of Epidaurus

137
Q

one of the apparatuses used in extemporaneous compounding

A

MORTAR AND PESTLE

138
Q

Found in prescription pads and principal display panel of ethical/prescription drugs.

A

Rx symbol

139
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Rx means recipe

A

TRUE

1ST YR BS PHARMA (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions