Pgs. 12-15

Question 1

• Facultative anaerobes
• Mesophilic (can grow at 10 C)
• Produce lactic acid
• production of fermented dairy products
• present in raw milk and milk plants
• Lactococcus lactis; lactococcus cermoris

Answer 1

Lactococcus

Question 2

• Facultative anaerobes
• Mesophilic (some can grow at < or = 3 C
• found in plants, meat, milk
• heterofermentative
• food fermentation; spoilage if vacuum-packaged refrigerated foods;gas production

Answer 2

Leuconostoc

Question 3

• Facultative anaerobes
• Mesophilic (some grow at 50 C)
• some survive pasteurization
• found on plants
• produce lactic acid; heterofermentative
• can spoil alcoholic beverages
• Pediococcus acidilactici

Answer 3

Pediococcus

Question 4

• occur in cubical packets of 8 or more cells
• facultative anaerobes
• in soil, plant material, and animal feces
• produce acid and gas from carbohydrates
• sarcina maxima

Answer 4

Sarcina

Question 5

• aerobic or facultatively aenorobic
• most are mesophiles
• spores very heat resistant
• in soil, dust
• cause food spoilage
  B. subtilis produce enzymes used in food bio processing

Answer 5

Bacillus

Question 6

• microaerophilic
• homolactic fermentation
• in soil, chicken feed, dairy products
• importance in food not clear

Answer 6

Sporolactobacillus

Question 7

• anaerobic
• some very oxygen sensitive
• thermophilic, Mesophilic, and psychrotropic strains
• spores - heat resistant
• foodborne pathogens
• food spoilage organism

Answer 7

Clostridium

Question 8

• facultative anaerobes; microaerophilic and anaerobic strains exist
• Mesophile; some are psychrotrophs
• homolactic
• in plants, milk, meat, feces
• food bioprocessing
• probiotic
• food spoilage
• some species produce bacteriocins used as food biopreservatives

Answer 8

Lactobacillus

Question 9

• previously classified as lactobacillus
• unable to grow on acetate medium
• facultative anaerobes
• heterofermentative
• can grow in refrigerated meats
• some strains produce bacteriocins

Answer 9

Carnobacterium

Question 10

• facultative anaerobes
• homeofermentative
• grow in refrigerated vacuum- packaged meat
• brochothrix thermosphacta

Answer 10

Brochothrix

Question 11

• facultative anaerobes
• psychotropic
• grow rapidly 7 C - 10 C
• ubiquitous in the environment and in food processing areas
  Listeria Monocytogenes
  -Human pathogen

Answer 11

Listeria

Question 12

• facultative anaerobes
• mesophiles
• spoilage
• Corynebacterium glutamicum used for production of glutamic acid

Answer 12

Corynebacterium

Question 13

• can change from rod to coccoid shape
• Mesophilic
• some spoil protein-rich foods
• production of compounds
  methane diol in some surface ripened cheeses to give aroma

Answer 13

Brevibacterium

Question 14

• anaerobic; Mesophilic
• dairy propionibacteria
  Propioibacterium freudenreichii
  Used in production of Swiss cheese
  Produce proline and propionic acid

Answer 14

Propionibacterium

Question 15

• anaerobic; Mesophilic
• produce lactate & acetate from carbohydrates
• production of fermented milk
• some species used in probiotics
  Bif. Bifidum
  Bif. infantis
  Bif. adolescetnis

Answer 15

Bifidobacterium

Question 16

• septate hyphae; conidia in chains
• yellow, green, or black growth in foods
• xerophilic
• production of mycotoxins & aspergillus glacier produce aflatoxin
• used in food processing
  Aspergillus niger produce citric acid from sucrose molasses

Answer 16

Aspergillus