pg.1-3 TOS Flashcards by PSYCH PATIENT

The span that the mental state has been occurring/persisting

Duration

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HIGH & LOW

Epinephrine

Stress, Sleep Dis. & Fatigue

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Studies how other factors such as environment and behavioral factors affect the expression of a gene

Epigenetics

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Chemical messengers that is secreted by the endocrine glands

Hormones

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study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors in a given population

Epidemiology

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Studies how the genetic makeup of an individual contributes to the inheritance of a disorder

Basic genetic epidemiology

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the study of the nervous system to understand bx, emotions, and cognitive processes

Neuroscience

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BRAIN: base of the forebrain which include caudate nucleus. When damaged, changes in posture, twitching, or shaking may be experienced.

related to parkinson’s disease

Basal Ganglia

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2 theoretical approaches in explaining the etiology of psychological disorders

One- Dimensional
Multidimensional

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INHIBITORY OR EXCITATORY

Glutamate

Excitatory

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BRAIN: Rest and digest response

Parasympathetic

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A type of chemical that produces the opposite effect of the NTs

Inverse agonists

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Is located around the edge of the center of the brain and is mainly associated with the regulation of emotions and ability to learn and control impulses

Limbic system

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Number of new cases in a population

Incidence

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The side of the brain that is responsible for perceiving the world and creating images

RIGHT

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Studies the factors that influence the disorder

Adv Genetic epidemiology

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Long molecules of DNA

Genes

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Limbic system consists of: (4)

Hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, septum

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breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

Dysfunction

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BRAIN: It shrinks when a person has depression or schizophrenia

Hippocampus

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BRAIN: This PNS regulates involuntary processes in the body such as breathing

Autonomic Nervous System

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INHIBITORY OR EXCITATORY

GABA

Inhibitory

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NT is released, quickly broken down and brought back to the synaptic cleft

Reuptake

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ENDOCRINE: Metabolism and growth

Thyroid

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LOBES OF THE BRAIN (4)

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal lobe

4 D's of a Disorder

Distress, Dysfunction, Deviance, Dangerousness (+ Duration)

This is influenced by multiple genes and includes characteristics such as skin color and height that are influenced by two or more genes

Polygenic

ENDOCRINE: releases melatonin

Pineal

NT: Reward system of the brain is associated with memory, movement, mood, attention, and learning

Dopamine

HIGH & LOW Serotonin

Mania & Depression, Anxiety, ED

2 types of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System

Complaints of a patient is called; it is subjective and is considered as soft evidence

Symptoms

the systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder

Clinical Assessment

Chemical messengers inside the body

Neurotransmitters

NT that is associated with alertness, arousal, and attention

Norepinephrine

BRAIN: involves in regulating behavior, emotions, and hormones

Thalamus & Hypothalamus

these are the observable characteristics in an individual

Phenotypes

A type of chemical that increases the activity of a NT

Agonist (Excitatory)

The side of the brain that is responsible for verbal and other cognitive processes

LEFT

When there is a potential harm to self or others

Dangerousness

Branch of psychology that deals with understanding, assessing, and treating psychological conditions

Clinical Psychology

Branch of psychology that studies unusual behavior, emotions, and thought which may or may not indicate an underlying condition

Abnormal Psychology

A type of chemical that blocks/decreases the activity of a NT

Antagonist (Inhibitory)

tiny fluid-filled space between the axon endings of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron

Synapse

BRAIN: Consists of medulla, pons, and cerebellum and regulates many autonomic activities including digestion

Hindbrain

examining bx-al pattern or emotional trait in the context of family

Family studies

This approach considers multiple or systemic causes that may have contributed to the development of a disorder

Multidimensional

INHIBITORY OR EXCITATORY Acetylcholine

Excitatory

The unique genetic makeup of an individual

Genotypes

Gene finding

What gene affects the bx

Glands that produces hormones

Endocrine System

how many chromosomes are there?

HIGH & LOW Norepinephrine

Mania & Depression

NT: The feel good hormones associated with pain as a natural pain reliever

Endorphins

ENDOCRINE: produces sperm and release testosterone

Testes

HPA axis means

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-adrenal axis

HIGH & LOW GABA

Relaxation & Anxiety/OCD

This approach looks for a single cause that can explain the reason for the development of a disorder

One-dimensional

BRAIN: it regulates stress response

HPA axis

HIGH & LOW Glutamate

Psychosis, Neuron Death & huntington's

A behavior that is typical

Normal Behavior

BRAIN: It controls the motor coordination

Cerebellum

ENDOCRINE: Produces insulin

Pancreas

BRAIN: provides us with our distinctly human qualities, allowing us to look to the future and plan, to reason, and to create

Cerebral cortex

ENDOCRINE: Levels of calcium

Parathyroid

ENDOCRINE: Controls metabolism, BP, sex development, and stress (epinephrine)

Adrenal

Is experienced when an individual performs behavior that does not align with how they typically act

Deviance

usually conducted to identical twins and measure the contribution of genetics as opposed to the environment, to a given trait draws inferences about genetic and environmental influences on traits

Twin studies

BRAIN: Fight or flight response

Sympathetic

INHIBITORY OR EXCITATORY Serotonin

Inhibitory

Genetic mechanisms that contributes to the underlying problems causing the symptoms and difficulties experienced by people with psych dis.

Endophenotypes

NT: Fight or Flight response NT

Epinephrine

XX; XY YX; XY XY;XX __ is for male; __ is for female

XY; XX

ENDOCRINE: Master glands

Pituitary

Number of active cases in a population

Prevalence

How many pairs of chromosomes are there?

A behavior exhibited by an individual that is not culturally or typically accepted

Deviance

HIGH & LOW Acetylcholine

Low: alzheimer's

NT: A most common inhibitory and regulates mood, irritability, sleep, seizures.

GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid)

NT: A NT that regulates heart rate, bp and gut mobility, and is associated with memory, cognition, muscle contraction, sleep, and learning

Acetylcholine

Studies the effect of being raised in a different environment to individuals that are related to each other on their behavioral pattern or the development of psychological dis.

Adoption studies

The individual feels extremely upset and fails to function properly

Distress/Impairment

ENDOCRINE: releases estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

Ovaries

NT: It regulates mood, appetite, pain, and sleep

Serotonin

HIGH & LOW Endorphins

Low: ED

Carries the information that we inherit from our parents

Genes

Process of determining whether an individual meets all the criteria for a psychological disorder

Diagnosis

There are __ pair/s of autosomes and __ sex pair/s chromosomes

22; 1

Criteria for determining abnormal bx (5)

Norm violation, statistical rarity, personal discomfort, deviation, maladaptiveness

NT: Associated with learning, memory, and thinking

Glutamate

A manifestation of a disease that doctors receive

Sign

BRAIN: This PNS regulates voluntary movements (muscles) in the body and sensory information

Somatic Nervous System

BRAIN: coordinates movements with sensory input and contains parts of reticular activating system

Midbrain

study of mental disorders

Psychopathology

BRAIN: This is the most ancient part of the brain and is essential for the autonomic functions (heartbeat, breathing, etc)

Brainstem

HIGH & LOW Dopamine

Schizophrenia & Parkinson's

associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected

Psychological Disorder

Chain-like structures within a cell nucleus and contains the genes

Chromosomes

BRAIN: It is responsible for higher cognitive functions

Prefrontal cortex

group of symptoms that occurs together more often by chance

Syndrome