PG & PK Flashcards
Pharmacogenomics is a key component in?
Clinical Pharmacology Pharmacotherapy Translational Medicine Drug discovery and development Clinical medicine
Pharmacogenomics studies?
The influence of genetic factors on drug therapy
What are six areas of variability in drug response?
Subject/demographic conditions The act of drug on the body (PK) The reaction of the body on the drug (PK) Process and exposure/admin/delivery Physiology and Psychology Disease dynamics and host conditions
Drug metabolism is based on?
Host disease (genes) and host internal and external environments (toxicity)
Define Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug
ADME
Define Absorption
drug uptake Local administration (SC, IM, etc) Oral dosing- first pass effect
Define Distribution
Plasma Protein Binding (free/active drug vs bound)
Tissue barriers (BBB)
Drug stability
Define metabolism
Phase I and II
Pharmacogenomic Principle
Genetics, environmental factors and interaction control the body’s handling of the drugs
- Body is a saturable system
Genetic factors include?
single gene or multiple genes Genetic/Epigenetics Genetic information flow Gene-drug interactions Gene-environment interactions
Four groups of patients?
Responders at risk of toxicity
Responders NOT at risk of toxicity
Non-responders NOT at risk of toxicity
Non-responders at risk of toxicity
How do you test for drug response phenotypes?
Drug metabolism (CYPs) Drug receptors Transporters Biomarkers Disease susceptibility
What is the major source of variability in oral drugs PK?
Bioavailability
PG considerations for oral drugs?
Uptake
First pass (changes with diseases)
Food composition
Water
What effects drug distribution?
Target tissue
Passive diffusion
Tissue barriers
Plasma protein binding
