pg 83 expressing qualities, emotions and conditons. Flashcards
Son” (from ser):
Ser is used for permanent or intrinsic characteristics.
It describes who or what something is, including identity, origin, inherent traits, professions, and time.
“Los estudiantes son estudiosos.
The students are studious.
Here, being studious is seen as a long-term or intrinsic characteristic.
Están” (from estar):
Estar is used for temporary states or conditions.
It describes how someone feels or where something is, often related to mood, physical conditions, or locations.
Hoy están preocupados.”
(Today they are worried.)
Here, being worried is a temporary state, something that can change depending on the situation (like exams).
Es muy inteligente.
She is very intelligent.)
Why “es”:
“Es” is used because intelligence is considered a permanent or intrinsic characteristic. It’s a defining trait of the person, not something that changes frequently.
La profesora es aburrida.
(The professor is boring.)
Why “es”:
“Es” is used here because being boring is seen as a characteristic of the professor, suggesting that her way of teaching or personality is inherently dull or monotonous.
Sus presentaciones son desorganizadas.
Her presentations are disorganized.)
Why “son”:
“Son” is used because the disorganization is considered a consistent or inherent quality of her presentations.
Los estudiantes son estudiosos y trabajadores.
The students are studious and hardworking.)
Why “son”:
“Son” is used because being studious and hardworking are seen as intrinsic characteristics of the students.
José, el alumno del suéter verde limón, está muy cansado.
José, the student in the lime green sweater, is very tired.)
Why “está”:
“Está” is used because being tired is a temporary state. It reflects how José feels at that particular moment, which could change soon.
Pero hoy están preocupados.
(But today they are worried.)
Why “están”:
“Están” is used because being worried is a temporary condition tied to the specific situation (the upcoming exams). Their emotional state can change after the exams are over.
Nosotros estamos aburridos en la clase de física.
(We are bored in physics class.)
Why “estamos”: Being bored is a temporary state, so estar is used.
El profesor de la clase es malo.
(The professor is bad.)
Why “es”: Here, ser is used because “malo” refers to a consistent characteristic of the professor (e.g., not explaining well).
Las manzanas Granny Smith son verdes.
(Granny Smith apples are green.)
Why “son”: Ser is used because green is the natural, intrinsic color of Granny Smith apples.
Gabriela y Nicolás son muy listos.
(Gabriela and Nicolás are very smart.)
Why “son”: Ser is used because being smart is considered a permanent characteristic.
Julia, ¿estás cansada o enferma? Estás muy pálida hoy.
(Julia, are you tired or sick? You look very pale today.)
Why “estás”: Estar is used for temporary states like being tired, sick, or looking pale.
Mis amigos están enojados porque no hablo mucho con ellos.
(My friends are angry because I don’t talk to them much.)
Why “están”: Estar is used because being angry is a temporary emotional state.
Esteban es un joven listo y estudioso.
(Esteban is a smart and studious young man.)
Why “es”: Ser is used because being smart and studious are intrinsic characteristics of Esteban.
