pg 579-592 Flashcards
an individual’s subjective interpretation of other people and of relationships with them
social reality
dilution or weakening of each group member’s obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members
diffusion of responsibility
a social-learning view that says we like best those who give us maximum rewards at minimum cost
reward theory of attraction
the notion that people at work will make more friends among those who are nearby-with whom they have the most contact
principle of proximity
the notion that people are attracted to those who are most similar to themselves
similarity principle
the prediction that most people will find friends and mates that are perceived to be of about their same level of attractiveness
matching hypothesis
a theory in social psychology that people decide whether to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential value of the relationship against their expectation of success in establishing the relationship
expectancy-value theory
a highly motivating state in which people have conflicting cognitions, especially when their voluntary actions conflict with their attitudes
cognitive dissonance
the tendency to emphasize internal causes and ignore external pressures
fundamental attribution error
an attributional pattern in which one takes credit for success but denies responsibility
self-serving bias
a negative attitude toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group
prejudice
a negative action taken against an individual as a result of his or her group membership
discrimination
the group with which an individual identifies
in-group
the perceived difference or similarity between oneself and another person
social distance
those outside the group with which an individual identifies
out-group
