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CSCS prep > PG 15-23 Vocab > Flashcards

PG 15-23 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Connects muscle to bone via bone periosteum. Bridges muscle and bone together in order to produce movement

A

Tendon

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2
Q

Forms fasciculi. Can consist of up to 150 individual strands covered by connective tissue (perimysium). 3 kinds of these. Type I type IIa Type IIx.

A

Muscle fibers

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3
Q

Slow, oxidative muscle fibers “slow twitch” fatigue resistant. Produce low levels of force

A

Type I muscle fiber

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4
Q

Fast oxidative and glycolytic fibers. “Fast twitch” produce medium amount of force. Highly fatigue resistant

A

Type IIa muscle fibers

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5
Q

Glycolytic fibers. “Fast twitch” produce large amounts of force. Rapidly fatigued

A

Type IIx muscle fibers

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6
Q

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber. Glycogen, fat, enzymes, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum found here

A

Sarcoplasm

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7
Q

Internal structure of the muscle fiber. Contain long proteins responsible for muscle fiber contraction (actin, titin, and myosin)

A

Myofibrils

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8
Q

Long thin chains of protein that comprise the myofibril. Smooth muscle, obliquely striated muscle and striated muscle (contains actin and myosin).

A

Myofilament

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9
Q

Basic unit of muscle fibers. Where actin, titin and myosin are found. Area occurring between the two Z lines. Location where all muscular contraction takes place. Can be divided 4 segments (A band, H zone, I band, Z line)

A

Sarcomere

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10
Q

Both actin and myosin filaments are located.

A

A band

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11
Q

Part of the A band, located in the center of the sarcomere where only myosin filaments occur (thick filaments)

A

H zone

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12
Q

Area that only consists of thin filaments (actin). Made of two sarcomeres

A

I band

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13
Q

Occurs in the middle of the I band. Appears as a line running lengthwise throughout.

A

Z line

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14
Q

System of tubules surrounding each myofibril. Responsible for pumping calcium ions into the muscle to generate contraction. Also the site of calcium storage

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

Site of ATP hydrolysis. Thicker myofilament, responsible for cross linking to actin filaments to produce the shortening of the sarcomere, resulting in muscular contraction.

A

Myosin

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16
Q

Thin filament. Serves as the binding site for myosin, with the hydrolysis of ATP, generates a power stroke where _____ will slide over the myosin fiber.

A

Actin

17
Q

______ fiber binds with ______ fiber. After binding ______ fiber then slides over _______ fiber.

A

Actin, Myosin.

18
Q

Actin sliding over myosin that causes a muscle to generate tension and movement

A

Sliding filament theory

19
Q

Either there is a stimulus and a response or there is nothing

A

All or none principle

20
Q

Central communication point of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems that leads to muscular contraction. Translation point where electrical signal is converted into a bio mechanical reaction and then into movement

A

Neuromuscular junction

21
Q

Located in CNS. Responsible for transmitting signals from the spinal cord to the muscles in order to produce muscular contraction. Site of the release of an action potential into the neuromuscular junction

A

Motor neuron

22
Q

Electrical impulse that is triggered by the rapid depolarization of the cell membrane of a neuron. Sets in motion the release of calcium ions into the sarcomere and ends with muscular contraction

A

Action potential

23
Q

During muscular contraction, a chemical cascade takes place that causes a conformational change in ______ that allows the myosin filament to bind with the actin filament. In a relaxed state, the head of the ______ wraps helically around the trope in on the actin filament, preventing the formation of the myosin cross bridge

A

Tropomyosin

24
Q

Responsible for initiating the movement of tropomyosin from the binding site after Ca+ has initiated a conformational change.

A

Troponin

25
Q

Primary neurotransmitter involved in muscular contraction.

A

Acetylcholine

26
Q

Once an action potential is released from the nerve terminal, _____ is released from the nerve terminal and diffuses across the neuromuscular junction, causing excitation of the sarcolemma

A

Acetylcholine

27
Q

Responsible for inhibiting tension overload in muscles and tendons when placed under stretch. Very rapid and prevents excessive loading injuries.

A

Golgi tendon organ GTO

28
Q

Responsible for the “fight or flight” response in humans. Releases adrenaline and norepinephrine which causes increased rate of respiration, elevated the heart rate, raises mental focus, and increases body temperature

A

Sympathetic nervous system

29
Q

Responsible for relaxation periods of decreased activity which governs various passive activities such as digestion

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

30
Q

Performs a protective action, working to decelerate force acting on the body. Hamstrings during the squat

A

Antagonist muscle action

31
Q

Primarily responsible for generating the force to produce movement. In sprinting the primary muscles the propel the body forward are the hip flexors, quads, glutes, and hamstrings

A

Agonist muscle action

32
Q

Either stabilizes the agonist as force is produced or indirectly assists in force production

A

Synergistic muscles

33
Q

Allows for force to be produced about a fixed point, or pivot, and will increase the amount of force that produced through this arrangement. 3 different classes.

A

Lever

34
Q

Muscle and resistive force apply on opposite sides of the fulcrum

A

1st class lever

35
Q

Muscular and resistive forces occur on the same side of the fulcrum

A

2nd class lever

36
Q

Muscular and resistive forces act on the same side of the fulcrum through a distance shorter than the distance through which the resistive force is acting

A

3rd class lever

37
Q

Point of rotation for a lever.

A

Fulcrum

38
Q

True or false
The fulcrum position determines the mechanical advantage

A

True

39
Q

The distance from the muscles line of action to the joints center of rotation and is oriented in the direction of the force being produced

A

Moment arm

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