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pft testing Flashcards

1
Q

what are 3 types of measurements?

A
  • lung volumes
  • flow rates
  • gas diffusion
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2
Q

what are the 4 lung volumes?

A
  • IRV
  • VT
  • ERV
  • RV
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3
Q

what are the 4 lung capacities?

A
  • IC
  • FRC
  • VC
  • TLC
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4
Q

1 lung capacities = how many lung volumes?

A

2 or more

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5
Q

what are the directly measured lung volumes?

A
  • IC -VC
  • IRV -VT
  • ERV
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6
Q

What are the indirect measured lung volumes?

A
  • RV
  • FRC
  • TLC
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7
Q

how do we measure indirect volumes?

A

the vital capacity (VC) maneuver or slow vital capacity (SVC) maneuver

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8
Q

how do we instruct a patient to do a VC or SVC?

A

take a maximal inspiration followed by a maximal exhalation without force.

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9
Q

SVC will provide important volumes used to determine what type of disease?

A

restrictive

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10
Q

In restrictive disease what will be decreased?

A

volumes

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11
Q

what lung volumes would you look at to determine if a patient has a restrictive disease?

A

TLC, SVC, FVC

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12
Q

what is a patients normal tidal volume?

A

500-700 mL

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13
Q

maximum volume of air inspired following normal inspiration? its not clinically significant

A

IRV

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14
Q

ERV is exhale maximally what is the normal range for ERV

A

1.20 L

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15
Q

ERV is what % of VC?

A

20 to 25%

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16
Q

with all directly measured volumes you want to take the largest measurements within what % of each other?

A

5%

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17
Q

how would you instruct a patient to preform the IC?

A

normal exhalation, inhale maximally

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18
Q

what is the normal range for IC?

A

3.6 L

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19
Q

how is VC measured?

A
  • on inspiration- exhale maximally, inhale deeply as possible
  • on expiration-inhale maximally, exhale maximally
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20
Q

what is the normal range for VC?

A

4.80 L

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21
Q

you can measure VT, IRV, ERV, IC and VC buy one spirometry maneuver?

A

VC maneuver

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22
Q

FVC measures flows or volumes?

A

flows

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23
Q

Patient is instructed to take a maximal inspiration followed by a maximal expiration as forcefully as possible is what type of maneuver?

A

FVC

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24
Q

FVC will provide important flow rates used to measure what type of disease?

A

obstructive disease

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25
Q

when doing the FVC how long should the pt exhale?

A

> or = 6 seconds

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26
Q

if FVC < SVC this would indicate what?

A

obstruction

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27
Q

extrapolated volume in FVC should < what %?

A

5% or .150 L

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28
Q

what maneuver measures FEV1, PEFR, FEF 200-1200, FEF 25-75%

A

FVC

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29
Q

what is the typical value for peak expiratory flow rates?

A

10 L/sec or 600 L/min

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30
Q

on a flow volume graph where would you find PEFR?

A

the highest point on expiration

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31
Q

average flow during the first 1000 mL after 200 mL expired is known as ?

A

forced expiratory flow (FEF) 200-1200

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32
Q

typical value for FEF 200-1200 ?

A

8L/sec or 480L/min

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33
Q

decreased values of FEF 200-1200 are associated with what kind of obstruction?

A

large airway

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34
Q

average flow rate during the mid portion of the FVC is known as what?

A

FEF 25-75

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35
Q

this is associated with small airway obstruction and decreased in the early stages of obstructive disease?

A

FEF25-75

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36
Q

what is the best indicator of obstructive disease?

A

forced expiratory volumes FEV1

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37
Q

volume of gas expired over a given time interval of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ?

A

FEV1

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38
Q

largest FEV1 is not always largest what?

A

FVC

39
Q

FEV1 is reported as a volume but it is actually what?

A

flow

40
Q

FEV1/FVC ratio is decrease what type of disease?

A

obstructive

41
Q

<70% fev1/fvc ratio is ?

A

obstructive disease

42
Q

> 70% fev1/fvc ratio is ?

A

normal to restrictive disease

43
Q

look at FVC if it is smaller its classified as

A

restrictive

44
Q

what is the purpose of pulmonary function testing?

A 
identification
quantification
epidemiological 
post-op risk
pulmonary disability
therapeutic effectiveness
45
Q

detect diseases as obstructive or restrictive is known as what?

A

identification

46
Q

the severity of pulmonary impairment as mild, moderate, severe or very severe. Helps determine the progression or reversibility of the disease.

A

quantification

47
Q

pulmonary abnormalities caused by disease or environmental factors, occupational settings, smokers, or other high risk groups.

A

epidemiological

48
Q

identify patients who may have an increased risk after surgery. risk can sometimes be reduced by preoperative respiratory care and sometimes enough to rule out surgery.

A

post-op risk

49
Q

PFT help confirm claims for insurance policies for financial compensation in diseases such as occupational diseases and pneumoconiosis of coal workers.

A

pulmonary disability

50
Q

may aid clinicians form PFT in selecting a specific therapeutic regimen such as bronchodilator, airway clearance, rehabilitation exercise.

A

therapeutic effectiveness

51
Q

give me 3 types of equipment that measures volume displacement?

A

water sealed spirometers
bellows
dry rolling seal

52
Q

give me 5 measuring devices that can measure flow?

A 
turbinometers
sonic devices
peak flow meters
thermistors
pneumotachometers
53
Q

in peak flow meters repeatability is more important then what?

A

accuracy

54
Q

volume calibration spirometer are done by using a large volume syringe normally how many liters?

A

3.0 liters

55
Q

what are the principles of pulmonary function?

A 
capacity 
accuracy
error
precision
linearity
output
56
Q

the range or limits of how much it can measure is known as what?

A

capacity

57
Q

how well it measures a known reference value is know as what?

A

accuracy

58
Q

difference between reference values and measured values is known as what?

A

error

59
Q

synonymous with reliability of measurements and opposite of variability is know as what?

A

precision

60
Q

refers to the accuracy of instrument over its entire range of measurement or its capacity is known as what?

A

linearity

61
Q

includes the specific measurements made or computed by the instrument is known as what?

A

output

62
Q

measures the volume and flow rates of the FVC?

A

flow volume loop

63
Q

patient preforms a FEV from what capacity? and then is quickly followed by FIV from what?

A

TLC

RV

64
Q

on the flow volume loop where is expiratory flows located?

A

above baseline

65
Q

on the flow volume loop where is inspiratory flows located ?

A

below the baseline

66
Q

how will a flow volume loop look if a patient has a restrictive disease?

A

skinny and tall loop

67
Q

how will a flow volume loop look is a patient has an obstructive disease?

A

scooped out

68
Q

what kind of obstruction can cause a equal decrease in both expiratory and inspiratory flow rates?

A

fixed airway obstruction

69
Q

what kind of obstruction can cause a exhalation restriction but have a normal inspiratory capacity?

A

intrathoracic airway obstruction

70
Q

what kind of obstruction can cause inspiration to be restrictive but expiration to be normal?

A

extrathoracic airway obstruction

71
Q

what is used to measure the reversibility of an obstructive pattern?

A

post bronchodilator

72
Q

a increase of what % of a post bronchodilator is considered significant for reversibility?

A

12 to 15 %

73
Q

all bronchodilators should be held __ hours prior to testing?

A

8 hours

74
Q

what does bronchial provocation mean?

A

testing for asthma

75
Q

methacholine challenge, histamine challenge , cold air challenge, exercise challenge is also know as what?

A

bronchial provocation

76
Q

bronchial provocation is positive for airway reactivity when what % decrease in FEV1 occurs?

A

20%

77
Q

the patient is told to breathe in and out as fast as possible until told to stop is known as what kind of test?

A

MVV- maximum voluntary ventilation

78
Q

how long is a MVV preformed?

A

12-15 seconds

79
Q

the largest volume and rate that can be breathed per minute by voluntary effort is what kind of test?

A

MVV

80
Q

____ can be done to evaluate pulmonary disability

A

MVV

81
Q

this mimics exercise and can tell if a Pt is having any type of arrhythmias?

A

MVV

82
Q

meausres the muscular mechanics of breathing?

A

MVV

83
Q

a decreased in MVV is _____ disease and increase in airway resistance (RAW)

A

obstructive disease

84
Q

MVV can be muscle weakness, decreased compliance or poor pt ______

A

effort

85
Q

predicted normal values are primarily based on what?

A

age, height, sex

86
Q

classification of interpretation 80 to 120 is considered to be

A

normal

87
Q

classification of interpretation of 60 to 79 is considered to be

A

mild

88
Q

classification of interpretation of 40 to 59 is considered to be

A

moderate

89
Q

classification of interpretation of anything less than 40% is considered to be

A

severe disorder

90
Q

if the FEV1 is less then 79% a ______ should be given to check or reversibility?

A

bronchodilator

91
Q

when looking at the FEV1 we are looking for what kind of disease?

A

obstruction

92
Q

when we are looking at the FVC we are looking to see if it is a ______ disease?

A

restrictive

93
Q

indirect volumes measures what?

A

TLC
RV
FRC

94
Q

Draw the box

A

and know that junk!!!

PFT (1 decks)

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