Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PFT EXAM > PFT PRELIM > Flashcards

PFT PRELIM Flashcards

1
Q

History of Symptoms Associated with Pulmonary Disorders

A

Cough
Dyspnea
Wheezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Basic Information and History Taking

A

Age
Gender
Body Height and Size
Race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

As the person age, the natural elasticity of the lungs decreases.

A

Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This translates to smaller and smaller lung volumes and capacities as we age.

A

Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Usually the lung volumes and capacities of males are larger than females.

A

Gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Even when males and females are matched for height and weight, males have larger lungs than females.

A

Gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Has a tremendous effect

A

Body Height and Size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A smaller man will have a smaller PFT result than a man of same age who is much larger

A

Body Height and Size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sometimes, as people age they begin to increase their body mass by increasing their body fat to lean body mass ratio. If they become too obese, the abdominal mass prevents the diaphragm from descending as far as it could so PFT result will demonstrate a smaller measured PFT outcome than expected.

A

Body Height and Size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, Caucasians have different PFT result compared to Asians

A

Race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Includes the name, age, gender, height in stocking feet, race and current diagnosis.

A

Basic Information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Includes whether the subject has ever has or has been told that he has allergies/hay fever, asthma, chest injury or surgery, recurring colds, pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung CA, bronchieactasis, emphysema, chronic bronchitis.

A

Personal Medical History

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Includes type of medications prescribed and for what problems they are taken in the dose.

A

Medications Prescribed for Lung or Heart Problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Includes type of medications prescribed and what problems they are taken in the dose prescribed the scheduled taken in and when they were last taken or used.

A

Medications Prescribed for Lung or Heart Problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Includes the immediate family. Immediate family member’s history should be described as it relates to the disorders listed earlier under the heading of the subject’s personal medical history

A

Family History

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Includes the age smoking began, years smoked, type of tobacco or other substance, past and current daily consumption.

A

Smoking History

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Can be useful. This is especially true if the hobbies include the use of chemicals, art supplies or other possibly irritating or poisonous substances

A

Hobbies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A listing of types and numbers of pets are useful. This is true if their presences can be linked to pulmonary symptoms. Knowing whether they are maintained indoors or outdoors can be significant.

A

Pets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This can be useful in diagnosing certain endemic diseases.

A

Place of Residence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A chronological history of the subject’s occupation should be taken. A description of the actual job, exposures to fumes, dust, gases should be noted. A history of employment in farming mining, quarrying, textiles can be significant to pulmonary problems.

A

Occupational History

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Physical Assessment

A

Vital Signs
Auscultation
Results of Xray Examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The subject’s pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure should be noted.

A

Vital Signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Their subject should be auscultated and any abnormalities in the subject’s breath sounds should be recorded. With adventitious sounds such as wheezing, ronchi, or crackles, the intensity, location and relation of the sound to the breathing cycle must be noted

A

Auscultation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Significant information should be noted such as abnormal densities in the lung fields, hyperinflation, loss or vascular markings, presence of bullae, flattened diaphragm etc.

A

Results of Xray Examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

General Administration of PFT

A

The therapist should demonstrate a combination of concern, forcefulness, patience, supportiveness, humor, firmness and persistence are necessary for those who are less cooperative.

Clear and simple instructions must be given to the subject.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

For successful PFT, two key factors are involved:

A

The skill of respiratory therapist administering the test.

The cooperation of the patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A complete evaluation of the respiratory system includes a patient history, physical examination, radiographic imaging, arterial blood gas analysis and test of pulmonary function.

A

Pulmonary Function Testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pulmonary Function Test Purpose

A

To identify and quantify changes in pulmonary function
To evaluate need and quantify therapeutic effectiveness
To perform epidemiologic surveillance for pulmonary disease
To assess patients for risk for postoperative pulmonary complications
To determine pulmonary disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Principles of PFT

A

Sensitivity and Specificity
Validity
Reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

First recorded spirometry test was performed by _______.

A

Greco - Roman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

First recorded spirometry test was performed by Greco-Roman

A

Claudius Galen (129-200 A.D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The measurement of the lungs residual volume was performed

A

1800 (Cladius Galen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

He had volunteer plug his nose to assure and accurate measurement of lung volumes, and to prevent air from escaping or entering from the nose.

A

Giovannin Alfonso Borelli (1608-1679)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

He is believed to be the first person to have a patient block the nose, a technique that is still done to this day during spirometry testing.

A

Giovannin Alfonso Borelli (1608-1679)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Invented the gasometer, a container that store gas

A

1970 - James Watt(1736-1819)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The volume of air that can be inhaled in a single deep breath was first measured

A

1679

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

He laid the foundation of “pneumotherapy” and used his research to establish the “Pneumatic Institute at Clifton” for the treatment of disease by inhalation.

A

Thomas Beddoes (1760-1808)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Also known as the father of “Inhalation Therapy”

A

Thomas Beddoes (1760-1808)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

He developed a method of collecting expired gas over mercury and attempted to determine how much those gases had been used by the body. He thought this was important because oxygen should be less than what is inhaled.

A

John Abernethy (1764-1831)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

He also determine that exhaled oxygn would be higher in patient with certain lung diseases.

A

John Abernethy (1764-1831)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

He also measure vital capacity of 3110

A

John Abernethy (1764-1831)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

He was able to measure his VT at 210 ml

A

Sir Humphrey Davey (1778-1829)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

He also calculated his residual volume to be about 600 ml

A

Sir Humphrey Davey (1778-1829)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Also devised a mechanism to determine how much oxygen was utilized by the body and how much carbon dioxide his body creadted.

A

Sir Humphrey Davey (1778-1829)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

In 1846, invented water seal spirometer, which he measured the vital capacity of over 2000 subjects.

A

John Hutchinson

44
Q

He observed the relationship between height and lung volume and that VC decreases with age, obesity and lung disease.

A

John Hutchinson

45
Q

Determine that the volume of exhaled air has linear relationship with height.

A

John Hutchinson

46
Q

Equipments use in PFT

A

SPIROMETER
SPIROGRAPHS

47
Q

Primary instrument used in pulmonary function testing

A

Spirometer

48
Q

Design to measure changes in volume

A

Spirometer

49
Q

Can only measure lung volume compartment that exchange gas with the atmosphere.

A

Spirometer

50
Q

A device that is usually attached to spirometer which measures the movement of gas in and out of the chest

A

Spirographs

51
Q

Resulting tracing is called ______.

A

Spirogram

52
Q

Types of Spirometer

A

Water Sealed Spirometer
Dry Sealed Spirometer
Rotor Spirometer
Bellows Spirometer

53
Q

Has a double wall stationary cylinder that has water between the double walls.
Has a freely moving cylindrical bell suspended above and inside the cylinder.

A

Water sealed spirometer

54
Q

The weight of the bell is balanced by the counterweight suspended from a chain that is looped over a pulley.

A

Chain Compensated type

55
Q

Very accurate for simple volume measurement but the accuracy is lost with breathing maneuvers that include rapid respiratory rate and rapid changes in air flow rates.

A

Chain Compensated type

56
Q

Developed in response to the inertia problems exhibited by the chain compensated configuration

A

Stead Wells type

57
Q

Has a rod mounted piston with a cylinder and is made of plastic or lightweight metal

A

Dry Sealed Spirometer

58
Q

Has a vane like rotor consisting of a light weight metal blade.

A

Rotor Spirometer

59
Q

It is constructed of a flexible plastic material that is designed to collapse in folds

A

Bellows Spirometer

60
Q

Are T or Y shaped valves that are used at the subject connection of spirometer breathing circuit.

A

Directional Breathing Valves

61
Q

Directional Breathing Valves have three important characteristics:

A

Have low resistance to inspiratory and expiratory air flow
Have a small dead air space volume to minimize rebreathing of previously exhaled air
Be relatively easy to clean after use

62
Q

They permit control and changes in the direction of the gas flow within the breathing circuit.

A

Directional Control Valves

63
Q

Can be used to direct the flow at different times as needed during test to different portions of the breathing circuit.

A

Directional Control Valves

64
Q

The main component is a movable vane, dik or sphere.

A

Peak Flow Meter

65
Q

A classic version of Peak flow Meter

A

Wright’s Peak Flow Meter

66
Q

A hand held medical device that measures the volume of your breath.

A

Incentive Spirometer

67
Q

Indication for Incentive Spirometry

A

After Surgery
Pneumonia
COPD
Cystic Fibrosis
Other conditions ( Sickle cell anemia, asthma or atelectasis)

68
Q

Contraindication of IS

A
  1. PATIENTS WHO CANNOT BE INSTRUCTED OR SUPERVISED TO ASSURE APPROPRIATE USE OF THE DEVICE.
  2. PATIENTS IN WHOM COOPERATION IS ABSENTS OR PATIENTS UNABLE TO UNDERSTAND OR DEMONSTRATE PROPER USE OF THE DEVICE.
  3. UNABLETO DEEPBREATHE EFFECTIVELY DUE TO PAIN, DIAPRAGMATIC DYSFUNCTION OR OPIATE ANALGESIA.
69
Q

Used in determination of lung volumes not measurable by direct spirometry

A

Indirect Spirometry

70
Q

Three Indirect Techniques

A

Helium Dilution
Nitrogen Washout
Body Plethysmograph

71
Q

Techniques measure whatever gas is in the lungs at the beginning of the test if the gas is in communication with unobstructed airways.

A

Helium Dilution and Nitrogen Washout

72
Q

Measure all the gas in the thorax including the gas that is trapped distal to obstructed airways or gas in the pleural space.

A

Body Plethysmograph

73
Q

Volume Measured

A

Thoracic Gas Volume

74
Q

Based upon the assumption that the concentration in the lung is 78%.

A

Open Circuit Method (Nitrogen Washout)

75
Q

Based upon the assumption that a known volume and concentration of helium in the air begin in a closed spirometer.

A

Closed Circuit Method

76
Q

Maintained to assure accurate helium concentration measurements and the subjects rebreathes the gas in the system until and equilibrium of helium concentration is established.

A

Constant Volume

77
Q

Uses volume and pressure changes to measure lung volumes

A

Body Plethysmography

78
Q

Types of Plethysmography

A

Body Plethysmography
Inductive Plethysmography

79
Q

Requires that the subject’s entire body be enclosed within the boxlike cabinet during testing.

A

Body Plethysmography

80
Q

Involves the use of sensors that are strapped around the subjects thorax and abdomen

A

Inductive Plethysmography

81
Q

Used to make indirect measurement of ventilatory patterns without physical connection to the subjects airway

A

Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography

82
Q

Components of Body Plethysmography

A

Cabinet
Measuring System
Non Constant Volume Plethysmograph
Constant Volume, variable pressure plethysmograph
Recording System
Computer

83
Q

Has a volume approximately 600 liter and is large enough for the subject to sit within

A

Cabinet

84
Q

Measuring System

A

Pneumotachometer
Shutter
Pressure Transducer

85
Q

Measuring the ventilatory airflow

A

Pneumotachometer

86
Q

When activated occluded the mechanical airway of the pneumotachometer

A

Shutter

87
Q

Located between the shutter and the subject. It is used mainly to measure the mouth pressure

A

Pressure Transducer

88
Q

Directly measures the quantity of air that is forced to enter or leave the cabinet

A

Non Constant Volume Plethysmograph

89
Q

It has pressure transducer connected to an opening in the cabinet wall.

A

Constant Volume, variable pressure plethysmograph

90
Q

Used for plotting pressures measured by plethysmograph against either ventilatory flow rates or cabinet volume changes

A

Recording System

91
Q

A recent development. It allows rapid assessment of subjects performance and test results.

A

Computer

92
Q

Provide and immediate presentation of data
Allows operator to quickly assess patients performance and test result.

A

Monitor Displays

93
Q

Types of Monitor Display

A

Analog Display
Digital Display
Screen Display

94
Q

Use of moving dial or scale to display changes in data input or over a present range of values

A

Analog Display

95
Q

Takes analog - type input but provides direct visual representation in the form o alphanumeric data

A

Digital Display

96
Q

Presents alphanumeric data, graph, line drawings and other complex visual data

A

Screen Display

97
Q

Provides a permanent graphic record of the test data

A

Recorders

98
Q

Types of Recorders

A

Mechanical Chart Recorder
Electronic Chart Recorder
Optical Chart Recorder

99
Q

Requires movement of both the paper and recording pen.
Used in volume collecting PVMS system

A

Mechanical Chart Recorder

100
Q

Any measuring system that can produce an electrical signal

A

Electronic Chart Recorder

101
Q

Uses a light sensitive paper that is moved past an oscilloscope display

A

Optical Chart Recorder

102
Q

Lung Volumes

A

Tidal Volume
Residual Volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Inspiratory Reserve Volume

103
Q

The sum total of all four volumes

A

Total Lung Capacity

104
Q

The volume inhaled from end expiration to total lung capacity

A

Inspiratory Capacity

105
Q

This is the total volume that can be moved in and out of the lung or the volume between TLC and RV

A

Vital Capacity

106
Q

The volume that remains in the lung at the of a normal tidal volume excursion or end inspiration

A

Functional Residual Capacity

107
Q

Lung Capacity

A

Total Lung Capacity
Inspiratory Capacity
Vital Capacity
Functional Residual Capacity

108
Q

The volume that a person moves in and out during quiet, normal breathing.

A

Tidal Volume

109
Q

Volume of gas in the lung after a full and complete expiration

A

Residual Volume

110
Q

Volume that expired from the end of a normal breath

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

PFT EXAM (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions