petrol diesel and biodiesel(1.3)

Question 1

petrodiesel

Answer 1

• produced from crude oil and primary source of fuel for diesel engines
• diesel engines have better fuel economy than petrol diesel as it is more energy efficient and it has a higher density
• most common diesel fuel is petrol diesel however, biodiesel is an alternative
  -non polar and does not contain a functional group

Question 2

how is petro diesel produced

Answer 2

• product of fractional distillation from crude oil.
• not a pure substance

Question 3

bio diesel

Answer 3

• triglycerides (fats and oils) have a structure with 3 long hydrocarbon chains(fatty acids) attached by an ester functional groups to a backbone of 3 carbon atoms
• the triglyceride is converted into a biodiesel by warming it with alcohol (methanol ch3oh) through transesterification
  -koh is catalyst
• through transesterfication, the triglyceride is converted into a small molecules called glycerol and three ester molecules with long carbon chains(biodiesek product)
• not a pure substance

Question 4

biodiesel molecule product of transesterfication

Answer 4

• there are refer to as fatty acid esters
• they have an ester and a methane group at the end
• b

Question 5

animal or plant triglycerides

Answer 5

• triglycerides can be produces from plant or animals
• ones that are produced by animals form saturated esters(single carbon bonds)
• ones that are produced from plants form unstaurated esters(double carbon bonds)

Question 6

saturated and unsaturated triglycerides

Answer 6

-unaturated triglycerides (plants) have double carbon bonds which cause the hydrocarbon chain to change shape
- due to the double carbon bond, it is more difficult for molecules to be packed together, thus weakening the dispersion force between molecules.
- As a result plant oil biodiesel has a lower melting point than biodiesel produced from animal fats

Question 7

petrol diesel vc biodiesel functioning

Answer 7

• petrodiesel produces more energy than biodiesel
• biodiesel has a higher viscosity then petrodiesel. thus, biodiesel is not able to flow as easily
• in cold climates, biodisel can lose its ability to flow and can solidify . Biodiesel has a low cloud point compared to petrodiesel

Question 8

cloud point

Answer 8

Cloud point refers to the temperature at which small crystals start to form.

Question 9

petrodiesel vs bio diesel structure

Answer 9

• petrodiesel consists of smaller, non polar molecules. the only forces present between adjacent molecules are weak dispersion forces
• however, in the biodiesel chain, it is often longer and each molecules contains two highily extronegative oxygen atoms. this allows for dipole dipole bonds to occur.
  as dipole dipole bonds is a stronger intermolecular force than dispersion forces, it causes viscoisuty and the mp of biodiesel to be greater compared to petrodiesel

Question 10

hygroscopic

Answer 10

• the abillity for a substance to absorb water easily
• due to the polar bonds in biodiesel, it has a greater tendency to absorb water than petrodiesel as water is a polar molecule. However, the water content of biodiesel needs to be low for efficient combustion to occur

Question 11

biodegrading

Answer 11

• biodiesel does have the chance to biodegrade as it is more likely to react with the atmospheric oxygen and breakdown the substance