Peter - Conditions

Question 1

Conditions

Answer 1

The habitat for a population. It is not consumed. Does not change, can’t be affected by populations.
Example: temperature, salinity, irradiance.

Question 2

Conditions lethality

Answer 2

Reproduction - individual growth - individual survival.
Lethal at extremes, normalfördelad. Population can’t stand very low or very high intensities.
Lethal only at high intensities.
Lethal at high intensities, but required as resource at low concentrations.

Question 3

Ecological niche

Answer 3

Summary of an organisms tolerance and requirements. Mode of life, “profession”, not a true niche.
Many dimensions. Every species has a multidimensional niche.

Question 4

Habitat

Answer 4

Where a species live. Many species may share habitat and occupy different niches.

Question 5

Fundamental niche

Answer 5

Much wider. The theoretical niche?

Question 6

Realized niche

Answer 6

Where the species actually live. Less wide than the fundamental niche. May be historical reasons why they have been removed etc.

Question 7

Temperature

Answer 7

Regulates growth and development (reach maturity, shed etc). Both increase linearly with temperature, but development faster, meaning they mature at smaller size. Arctic animals grow bigger. If you find an animal, you can know what temperature it has developed in based on its size.
Regulates matebolsim, increase exponentially.
Important for plants that can’t move.
Q10: increase 10 degrees, growth etc is doubled.

Question 8

Degree days

Answer 8

If growth increases linearly with temperature:
degree days: 10 days at 5 degrees gives the same growth as 5 days at 10 degrees.
Growth and development are not always equal.
Active fish has a bigger respons than sedenthary species to temperature change. Pelagic will become smaller, and have less offspring.

Question 9

Thermal tolerance

Answer 9

Difference between upper and lower lethal or critical temperature. Varies with latitude in animals that cannot regulate their body temperature.
Birds follow this pattern, even though they regulate their body temperature. Mammals regulate their body temperature, and also create microclimates, like burrows.
Temperatures near the pole varies more than near the equator, meaning that those animals can live in wider conditions.

Question 10

Cyclic climate alterations

Answer 10

Like NAO and ENSO. Strong effects on temperature and humidity.