PET/CT GENERAL Flashcards

1
Q

Noncolinearity

A

positron and negatron particles are in motion at the time of interaction, and their momentum causes a slight deviation in the angle of their flight path. Results in a 2mm blurrring effect.

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2
Q

Disintegration’s per minute formula?

A

cpm / % efficiency

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3
Q

MLEM

A

Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization -

Iterative reconstruction

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4
Q

OSEM

A

Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization-

Iterative Reconstruction

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5
Q

AWOSEM

A

Attenuation Corrected OSEM

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6
Q

RAMLA

A

Row Action Maximization Likelihood Algorithm

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7
Q

GTV - Gross Tumor Volume

A

Extent of tumor growth

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8
Q

CTV - Clinical Tumor Volume

A

GTV + microscopic disease in surrounding tissue

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9
Q

PTV - Planning Tumor Volume

A

Needed beam volume to cover CTV

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10
Q

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

A

Loss of kinetic energy and deviation of the electron path. Continuous spectrum of x-rays. Reduction of low energy x-rays by window of the x-ray tube

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11
Q

kVp

A

tissue penetration

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12
Q

mA

A

noise

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13
Q

Increment

A

determines the degree of overlap between successive images

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14
Q

Beam Hardening Artifact

A

Streak artifacts occurs when x-ray photons of low energy create an increase in the x-ray energy at the center of the object.

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15
Q

Rigid Registration

A

relies on anatomic landmarks (may be operator or auto selected)

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16
Q

Deformable registration

A

allows deformation due to body position, tissue or organ position changes. May apply a regional mutual information technique.

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17
Q

Image Segmentation

A

Areas of similar tissue, replaces pixel values with known values.

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18
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Cognition, motor function

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19
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Sensory function, memory

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20
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Memory, speech recognition

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21
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

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22
Q

Brain Stem and Cerebellum

A

Basic life functions, balance

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23
Q

Dementia

A

Decline in cognitive function beyond what is expected based on age alone

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24
Q

C11 Half-Life

A

20.3 minutes

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25
N13 Half-Life
9.97 minutes
26
O15 half-life
2.03 minutes
27
F18 half-life
110 minutes
28
Rb82 half-life
75 seconds
29
Sr82 half life
25 days
30
Sr82 generator tested for
Sr82 and Sr85 contaminates <0.02uCi
31
Deuterons
Proton plus a neutron
32
Neutrophilic Substitution
a chemical reaction in which an electron-rich group of atoms changes place on a molecule with a positively charged "leaving group" of atoms.
33
Dose Calculation by weight
kg x 0.14mCi / kg
34
Most common tech for processing 3d sonograms?
FORE (Fourier Rebinning)
35
What does breathing artifact look like on fuse image
photopenic areas located in the area of the diaphragm.
36
Truncation
Occurs when the patient's body or extremities exceeds the 50cm fov, but is imaged in the 70cm fov pet.
37
Absolute Activity Calibration (Well Counter)
Calibration information to convert counts/voxel into absolute activity
38
SUV formula
SUV = measured act / volume x pt weight / injected act
39
mBq =
37 x mCi
40
max exposure for preg tech
500 mRem
41
Inverse square law
I1D1(2) = I2D2 (2)
42
10 CFR 20 limits exposure to?
100mR/yr and 2mR/hr and < 0.05mR/hr for staff
43
Which contrast agent breaks down in blood stream
Ionic
44
Which contrast agent does not break down in bloodstream
Non-Ionic
45
Myocardium with contractile dysfunction despite normalization of perfusion
Stunned Myocardium
46
Defect at rest, still viable
Hibernating Myocardium
47
Term used to identify atoms with excessive thermal or kinetic energy or electronic excitation.
Hot atom
48
Serotonin System controls what
disorders such as anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, eating disorders, and violence
49
Dopamine System controls what
regulation of movement, motivation, and cognition
50
Deficiency in cholinergic activity is
Alzheimer Disease
51
The kinetic energy of the annihilation is shared bettween the
electron and neutrino
52
Agent used most commonly for tumor response
C11 - Methionine
53
Agents for Cellular ProliferationAgen
C11 Thymidine and F18 Fluorothymidine
54
Agent for Neuroendocrine tumors
F18-DOPA
55
Agents used for Hypoxia Imaging
F18 FMISO and Cu-ATSM
56
Agent for Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF)
O15-labeled carbon dioxide.
57
Agents used for Myocardial Perfusion
N13 ammonia and Rb82
58
Rb82 works because its a
Potassium analogue
59
N13 ammonia works because its a
passive diffusion and retained by the amino acid pool as glutamine
60
Assessment of myocardial oxygen consumption is done with
C11-Acetate
61
normal pT level
11-13 seconds
62
normal pTT level
30-50 seconds
63
normal platelet count
150k - 400k