PET/CT GENERAL

Question 1

Noncolinearity

Answer 1

positron and negatron particles are in motion at the time of interaction, and their momentum causes a slight deviation in the angle of their flight path. Results in a 2mm blurrring effect.

Question 2

Disintegration’s per minute formula?

Answer 2

cpm / % efficiency

Question 3

MLEM

Answer 3

Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization -

Iterative reconstruction

Question 4

OSEM

Answer 4

Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization-

Iterative Reconstruction

Question 5

AWOSEM

Answer 5

Attenuation Corrected OSEM

Question 6

RAMLA

Answer 6

Row Action Maximization Likelihood Algorithm

Question 7

GTV - Gross Tumor Volume

Answer 7

Extent of tumor growth

Question 8

CTV - Clinical Tumor Volume

Answer 8

GTV + microscopic disease in surrounding tissue

Question 9

PTV - Planning Tumor Volume

Answer 9

Needed beam volume to cover CTV

Question 10

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

Answer 10

Loss of kinetic energy and deviation of the electron path. Continuous spectrum of x-rays. Reduction of low energy x-rays by window of the x-ray tube

Question 11

kVp

Answer 11

tissue penetration

Question 12

mA

Answer 12

noise

Question 13

Increment

Answer 13

determines the degree of overlap between successive images

Question 14

Beam Hardening Artifact

Answer 14

Streak artifacts occurs when x-ray photons of low energy create an increase in the x-ray energy at the center of the object.

Question 15

Rigid Registration

Answer 15

relies on anatomic landmarks (may be operator or auto selected)

Question 16

Deformable registration

Answer 16

allows deformation due to body position, tissue or organ position changes. May apply a regional mutual information technique.

Question 17

Image Segmentation

Answer 17

Areas of similar tissue, replaces pixel values with known values.

Question 18

Frontal Lobe

Answer 18

Cognition, motor function

Question 19

Parietal Lobe

Answer 19

Sensory function, memory

Question 20

Temporal Lobe

Answer 20

Memory, speech recognition

Question 21

Occipital Lobe

Answer 21

Vision

Question 22

Brain Stem and Cerebellum

Answer 22

Basic life functions, balance

Question 23

Dementia

Answer 23

Decline in cognitive function beyond what is expected based on age alone

Question 24

C11 Half-Life

Answer 24

20.3 minutes

Question 25

N13 Half-Life

Answer 25

9.97 minutes

Question 26

O15 half-life

Answer 26

2.03 minutes

Question 27

F18 half-life

Answer 27

110 minutes

Question 28

Rb82 half-life

Answer 28

75 seconds

Question 29

Sr82 half life

Answer 29

25 days

Question 30

Sr82 generator tested for

Answer 30

Sr82 and Sr85 contaminates <0.02uCi

Question 31

Deuterons

Answer 31

Proton plus a neutron

Question 32

Neutrophilic Substitution

Answer 32

a chemical reaction in which an electron-rich group of atoms changes place on a molecule with a positively charged "leaving group" of atoms.

Question 33

Dose Calculation by weight

Answer 33

kg x 0.14mCi / kg

Question 34

Most common tech for processing 3d sonograms?

Answer 34

FORE (Fourier Rebinning)

Question 35

What does breathing artifact look like on fuse image

Answer 35

photopenic areas located in the area of the diaphragm.

Question 36

Truncation

Answer 36

Occurs when the patient's body or extremities exceeds the 50cm fov, but is imaged in the 70cm fov pet.

Question 37

Absolute Activity Calibration (Well Counter)

Answer 37

Calibration information to convert counts/voxel into absolute activity

Question 38

SUV formula

Answer 38

SUV = measured act / volume x pt weight / injected act

Question 39

mBq =

Answer 39

37 x mCi

Question 40

max exposure for preg tech

Answer 40

500 mRem

Question 41

Inverse square law

Answer 41

I1D1(2) = I2D2 (2)

Question 42

10 CFR 20 limits exposure to?

Answer 42

100mR/yr and 2mR/hr and < 0.05mR/hr for staff

Question 43

Which contrast agent breaks down in blood stream

Answer 43

Ionic

Question 44

Which contrast agent does not break down in bloodstream

Answer 44

Non-Ionic

Question 45

Myocardium with contractile dysfunction despite normalization of perfusion

Answer 45

Stunned Myocardium

Question 46

Defect at rest, still viable

Answer 46

Hibernating Myocardium

Question 47

Term used to identify atoms with excessive thermal or kinetic energy or electronic excitation.

Answer 47

Hot atom

Question 48

Serotonin System controls what

Answer 48

disorders such as anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, eating disorders, and violence

Question 49

Dopamine System controls what

Answer 49

regulation of movement, motivation, and cognition

Question 50

Deficiency in cholinergic activity is

Answer 50

Alzheimer Disease

Question 51

The kinetic energy of the annihilation is shared bettween the

Answer 51

electron and neutrino

Question 52

Agent used most commonly for tumor response

Answer 52

C11 - Methionine

Question 53

Agents for Cellular ProliferationAgen

Answer 53

C11 Thymidine and F18 Fluorothymidine

Question 54

Agent for Neuroendocrine tumors

Answer 54

F18-DOPA

Question 55

Agents used for Hypoxia Imaging

Answer 55

F18 FMISO and Cu-ATSM

Question 56

Agent for Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF)

Answer 56

O15-labeled carbon dioxide.

Question 57

Agents used for Myocardial Perfusion

Answer 57

N13 ammonia and Rb82

Question 58

Rb82 works because its a

Answer 58

Potassium analogue

Question 59

N13 ammonia works because its a

Answer 59

passive diffusion and retained by the amino acid pool as glutamine

Question 60

Assessment of myocardial oxygen consumption is done with

Answer 60

C11-Acetate

Question 61

normal pT level

Answer 61

11-13 seconds

Question 62

normal pTT level

Answer 62

30-50 seconds

Question 63

normal platelet count

Answer 63

150k - 400k