PES test 1 Flashcards
characteristics of skeletal muscle
excitability, contractability, extendibility, and elasticity.
Define Excitability
its ability to respond to stimuli by generating an electrical signal called an action potential.
Define Extendability
the capacity of a muscle to stretch beyond its normal resting length.
Define Contractability
the ability of a muscle to produce a force in an isotonic and isometric contraction.
Define Elasticity
the ability of a muscle to return to its original length after being stretched.
what are the circulatory systems functions?
1) circulates blood to the body
2) transports 02, water, and nutrients to the cells in the blood
3) transports C02 and water away from the cells
4) maintain body temp
Order of blood circulation
superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, rest of the body .
What does systemic blood do?
caries blood from the heart to all parts of the body except for the lungs.
What does the left side of the heart do?
pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body via the aorta.
What does the right side of the heart do?
deoxygenated blood enters through the vena cava.
What is the heart?
a muscular pump which contracts continuously to drive blood around the body through to the blood vessels.
What does the left and right atriums do?
left receives oxygenated blood, right atrium receives deoxyginated blood.
What does the right and left ventricles do?
left pumps oxygenated blood around the body and the right pumps deoxygenated blood around the body.
What does the pulmonary circulation do?
caries blood from the heart to the lungs and back.
what is flexion?
results in a joints angle decreasing.
What is extension?
results in joint angle increasing.
What is supination?
In the forearm for example it refers to how the turing of the forearm and hand so that the palm is facing up/anterior.
What is pronation?
In the forearm, pronation refers to the turning point in the forearm and hand so that the palm is facing down/posterior.
What is circumduction?
The circular motion of any limb.
What is rotation?
Occurs when a part of the body moves/turns on its axis.
What is dorsi flexion?
Movement which decreases the angle between the foot and the leg.
What is planter flexion?
Movement which increases the angle between the foot and the leg.
What is Abduction?
Movement away from the midline of the body.
What is adduction?
Movement towards the midline of the body.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they reach equilibrium.
Steps of inspiration.
1) Diaphragm contracts, moving downward.
2) Ribcage expands, increasing lung space.
3) Air pressure in lungs drops below outside air pressure.
4) Air rushes in through the nose or mouth.
5) Oxygen enters the bloodstream from the lungs.
Steps of expiration.
1) Diaphragm relaxes, moving upward.
2) Ribcage contracts, decreasing lung space.
3) Air pressure in lungs increases above outside air pressure.
4) Air is pushed out through the nose or mouth.
5) Carbon dioxide is expelled from the body.
