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EBM - Rearfoot > Pes planus > Flashcards

Pes planus Flashcards

1
Q

Kite’s angle

A

15-35
Transverse plane
Bisect talus and calcaneus AP view

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2
Q

Cuboid abduction

A

0-5
Transverse plane
Lateral border of cuboid and calcaneus AP view

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3
Q

Talar head uncoverage

A

0-30%
Transverse plane
Amount of talar cartilage uncovered by navicular bone

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4
Q

Meary’s angle

A

0-10
Sagittal plane
Bisect talar head and 1st met Lateral view

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5
Q

Calcaneal inclination

A

18-20ish
Sagittal plane
Inferior border of calcaneus and the ground lateral view

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6
Q

Talar declination

A

18-20ish
Sagittal plane
Bisection of head of the talus and the ground lateral view

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7
Q

Cyma line

A

Curved line that connects the TN and the CC joints on the lateral view. This line should be continuous

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8
Q

STJ angles

A

42 from transverse

16 from sagittal

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9
Q

STJ ROM

A

Mostly equal amounts inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction

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10
Q

MTJ oblique

A

52 from transverse

57 from sagittal

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11
Q

MTJ Longitudinal

A

15 from transverse

9 from sagittal

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12
Q

MTJ ROM

A

Oblique axis is mostly pronation/supination

Longitudinal axis is mostly inversion/eversion

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13
Q

Heel rise test

A

Patient stands on tip toes and the valgus heel should invert

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14
Q

Hubscher maneuver

A

Dorsiflexion of the hallux should cause the arch to rise

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15
Q

RCSP and NCSP

A

Measures bisection of the heel as compared to the ground when standing relaxed and neutral STJ, respectively

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16
Q

Tibial influence

A

Measures bisection of the tibia as compared to the floor with patient standing

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17
Q

Stage I PTTD

A

Medial ankle pain along PTT
Patient able to perform single and double heel rise
No radiographic changes

18
Q

Stage IIa PTTD

A

Medial ankle pain along PTT
Flexible heel valgus
Heel inverts with double heel rise

19
Q

Stage IIb PTTD

A

Medial ankle pain along PTT
Increased heel valgus as compared to stage II
Flexible
Heel inverts with heel rise

20
Q

Stage III

A

Rigid deformity

Pain located medial and lateral

21
Q

Stage IV

A

Rigid deformity

Ankle joint degeneration

22
Q

FDL transfer

A

Can be used in all stages

23
Q

Cobb procedure

A

Split TA transfer, transfer through a drilled hole in the navicular or medial cuneiform

24
Q

Young tenosuspension

A

Rerouting half the TA through the navicular bone

25
Q

Kidner procedure

A

Resection of accessory navicular and reinsertion of the PTT into the navicular

26
Q

Evans procedure

A

Lateral column lengthening via the lateral surface of the calcaneus. Transverse plane.

27
Q

Cotton osteotomy

A

Medial cuneiform opening wedge. Plantarflexion of the first ray. Sagittal plane correction

28
Q

MDCO procedure

A

Slide the posterior aspect of the calcaneus medially to create more a varus force from the ground. Frontal plane correction

29
Q

Miller arthrodesis

A

Fusion of the naviculocuneiform joints, also fusion of 1st metatarsal cuneiform (Lapidus)

30
Q

Hoke arthrodesis

A

Fusion of the navicular and first 2 cuneiform joints

31
Q

Triple arthrodesis

A

Fusion of the STJ, TN, and CC joints

32
Q

Pantalar arthrodesis

A

Fusion of the ankle, STJ, and midtarsal joints

33
Q

Stage 1 conservative treatment

A

Short leg cast or walking boot 4-6 weeks
PT
Anti-inflammatory
Orthotics

34
Q

Stage 2 A conservative treatment

A

Typically orthotics with a deep heel cup

35
Q

Stage 2 B conservative treatment

A

Typically orthotics with a deep heel cup, UCBL, extended medial counter or medial heel wedge

36
Q

Stage 3 conservative treatment

A

Custom AFO, supramalleolar brace, allow AJ ROM

37
Q

Stage 4 conservative treatment

A

Non-articulated AFO

38
Q

Stage 1 surgery

A

Synovectomy

39
Q

Stage 2 A surgery

A 
Synovectomy
Debridement
Direct tendon repair
Tendon Transfer
Osteotomy
Posterior muscle lengthening
40
Q

Stage 2 B surgery

A

Synovectomy
Tendon transfer
Osteotomy and/or Arthrodesis
Arthroeresis

41
Q

Stage 3 surgery

A

Typically arthrodesis and lengthening of the posterior muscle group

42
Q

Stage 4 surgery

A

This typically involves the AJ, so it will require arthrodesis and deltoid ligament repair.

MDCO is sometimes required when valgus ankle deformity without DJD

Total ankle replacement or supramalleolar osteotomy

EBM - Rearfoot (3 decks)

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