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Environmental Science > Perspective and Value Systems > Flashcards

Perspective and Value Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Environment

A

the external surroundings of an organism that acts on it and affects its survival

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2
Q

Systems

A

made of separate parts that are linked together and affect one another

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3
Q

Societies

A

group of individuals who share common characteristics

EX: location, culture, religion, etc.

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4
Q

Preservation

A

protects the environment by limiting or even banning human use of certain natural resources

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5
Q

Conservation

A

protects the environment through the responsible use of natural resources

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6
Q

Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir (1800s-1900s)

A

fought alongside John Muir to preserve Yosemite as place not disturbed by humans taking resources (preservation)

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7
Q

Grifford Pinchot

A

believed forests should be used and renewed to maintain flow of resources for human use AND to conserve the environment (conservation)

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8
Q

Aldo Leopold (1900s-1960s)

A

author of “A Sand County Almanac”.

argued nature is not our servant to be used and abused and we have ethical responsibility to maintain balance of nature

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9
Q

The Green Revolution (1940s-1960s)

A

scientific development led to greater global agriculture

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10
Q

Rachel Carson

A

author of “Silent Spring”.

spoke against negative effects of pesticides / DDT chemical pollution on natural systems

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11
Q

The Environmental Movement (1968)

A

people became more aware of finite nature of earth.

turned to promoting awareness and coordinating positive change to destructive human behavior.

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12
Q

Movement of 1970s

A

Greenpeace established.
media coverage.
Earth Summit on Environment at UN.
convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.

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13
Q

Stewardship

A

humans are responsible for caring for the environment, not exploiting it

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14
Q

Minamata, Japan (1959)

A

wastewater pollution by plastic manufacturers included mercury and other heavy metals.
found way into fish and shellfish (local diet).
symtoms: convulsions, slurred speech, loss of motor functions, uncontrollable limb movements.

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15
Q

Niagra Falls, NY (1976-1978)

A

Love Canal.
school built on former toxic waste dump.
dangers denied for long time.
only came clear after grass-roots activism.

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16
Q

Grassroots Movements

A

uses the people in a given district, region, or community as the basis for a political, social or economic movement

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17
Q

UN World Commission on Environment and Development (1983)

A

Developing land without destroying it for future generations

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18
Q

Bhopal, India (1984)

A

Union Carbide pesticide plant released 45 tons of poisonous methyl isocyanate.
15,000 dead.
survivors suffered: blindness, organ failure, bodily malfunctions, birth defects.
worst industrial disaster ever.

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19
Q

Chernobyl, Ukraine (1986)

A

power plant reactor exploded.
nuclear meltdown released radiation into atmosphere.
thousands with thyroid cancer.

20
Q

Deep Water Horizons (2010)

A

Gulf of Mexico.
Explosion + oil spill.
economic losses to local communities.

21
Q

Fukushima, Japan (2011)

A

Tsunami damaged nuclear plant.

Radiation releases across Pacific Ocean.

22
Q

Global Warming (1990s)

A

connection between carbon dioxide from burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil) and warming climate of planet.
Kyoto Protocol.
Rio Earth Summit and Agenda 21.

23
Q

Kyoto Protocol

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change agreed to limit CO2.
US refused to sign.

24
Q

5 Areas Needing Global Attention

A

water + sanitation, energy, health, agriculture, biodiversity

25
Q

An Inconvenient Truth (2006)

A

documentary to raise public awareness about climate change.

about VP Al Gore’s campaign to educate people about global warming.

26
Q

UN Brundtland Report (1983)

A

intro to idea of sustainable development

27
Q

Sustainable Development

A

Meeting the needs of today without sacrificing the needs of tomorrow

28
Q

Montreal Protocol (1987)

A

agreement to phase out CFC, refrigerants, other HOGs.

29
Q

UN Earth Summit (1992)

A

nothing less than change in attitudes / behaviours towards environmental issues would bring about necessary changes.
led to adoption of Agenda 21.

30
Q

Agenda 21

A

blueprint for action to acheive sustainable development.

31
Q

Climate March (2019)

A

demanded urgent action on climate change during upcoming UN general assembly

32
Q

Gaia Hypothesis

A

earth is a system of systems that are self regulating and sustaining.
created by: James Lovelock + Lynn Margulis

33
Q

Chief Seattle (Indigenous Leader to Duwamish Tribe)

A

“all things share the same breath”.

we are all interconnected.

34
Q

Mahatma Ghandi (spiritual leader / social activist)

A

we are borrowing the earth, air, land, water from our children.
sustainability.

35
Q

Environmental Value Systems (EVS)

A

worldview that shapes ways people percieve / evaluate.

influenced by background, culture, identity, society.

36
Q

Ecocentrism / Biocentrism (nature centered)

A
  • hollistic / sustainable worldview
  • minimal disturbance of nature
  • deep ecologists vs soft ecologists
  • humans are part of nature
  • environmental conservation
  • values: individual responsibility, inherent value, limited resources, humans are not more important
37
Q

Deep Ecologists

A
  • part of ecocentrism
  • natural laws dictate human morality
  • nature is needed for humanity and has rights
38
Q

Soft Ecologist

A
  • part of ecocentrism

- focus on community involvement to change political policies + practices

39
Q

Anthropocentrism (people centered)

A
  • humans are responsible for sustainable global systems
  • controlling population and resource use
  • environmental managers
  • environment is resource for humans to use as needed
  • human health and well being
  • values: people as environmental managers, governmental regulation, humans are most important
40
Q

Environmental Managers

A
  • part of anthropocentrism
  • economic growth + resource use can continue if adjustments to policies are made
  • EX: taxes, laws,
41
Q

Technocentrism (technology centered)

A
  • technology can keep pace + provide solutions to environmental issues
  • cornucopian
  • nature is model but can be replaced by technology
  • human health and well being
  • values: economic growth, solving issues, understanding natural processes
42
Q

Cornucopian

A
  • part of technocentrism

- man can always find way out of difficulties

43
Q

Native Americans

A
  • low impact technology
  • economy based on trade
  • nature regarded as more spiritual
  • small population densities
44
Q

European Pioneers

A
  • exploitation of “unlimited” resources
  • heavy reliance on technology
  • lack of connection + responsibility to nature
45
Q

Intrinsic Value

A
  • having inherent worth

- usually ecocentrics

Environmental Science (5 decks)

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