personality theory Flashcards
contribute to individual difference in behaviour, consistency of behaviour over time, stability if behaviour accross situations
traits
unique qualities of an individual that include temperament, physique, intelligence
characteristics
complimentary orientation/ evolution of personality theories
philosophy, science, art
common methods for assessing personality
- objective tests
- behavioral methods - interviews, life history method
- psychometric test
employs ambiguous test to which the subject is to respond
projective techniques
word association, sentence completion, rorschach inkblock test
type of projective test that assesses personality through self expression
expressive technique
drawing, toy test
focus on the innerworkings of personality, internal conflicts and problems
psychodynamic theories
focus on phenomenological methods and believe the answers are to be found in consciousness or experience
humanistic/existential
approaches of personality theories
psychodynamic approach
behavioral/social learning approach
humanistic approach
trait approach
cognitive approach
approach that holds behaviors are influenced by unconscious processes
psychodynamic approach
approach that holds behavior are influenced by rewards, punishment, models mean of imitation
behavioral/social learning approach
in this approach, people are assumed to have a great deal of responsibility for their actions
humanistic approach
approach that describes differences in personality as differences in the way people process information
cognitive approach
approach that identifies types or categories of traits that describe a large number of people and that can be used to predict behavior
trait approach
pioneer in personality theory, described and classified over 50 definitions
gordon allport
the dynamic organization within the individual of psychophysical traits that determine his unique adjustments to the environment
gordon allport
personality
logic underlying theories in psychology evolve through ___
inductive reasoning
written self rating test or the inventory test variety. usually questionaires (yes/no)
objective test
focus on external environment and its effects of conditioning or learning
behavioristic theories
attribute differences in perspectives to socialization, expectations, and mental processes
social learning theories
focus on private, subjective experience and personal growth
humanistic theories
attempt to learn what traits make up personality and how they relate to actual behavior
trait theories
