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Individual Differences > Personality Theories > Flashcards

Personality Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Which theory was Freud known for?

A

Psychoanalytic

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2
Q

Which theorist backed psychoanalytic theory?

A

Freud

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3
Q

What was the core question of psychoanalytic theory?

A

Does your childhood influence your personality?

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4
Q

What theory is Rogers & Maslow known for?

A

Humanistic

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5
Q

What theory is Kelly known for?

A

Cognitive

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6
Q

Who are the key theorists in Humanistic & Cognitive theory?

A

Rogers & Maslow, and Kelly

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7
Q

What is the core question of Humanistic/Cognitive theory?

A

Do you have a choice about your personality?

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8
Q

Who are the theorists involved with Behavioural & Learning theory?

A

Skinner, Bandura & Mischel

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9
Q

Which theory are Skinner, Bandura & Mischel involved with?

A

Behavioural & Learning theory

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10
Q

What is the core question of Behavioural & Learning theory?

A

Do you learn your personality? From whom or what?

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11
Q

What is the core question of Dispositional theory?

A

Do you have personality traits, and are they inherited?

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12
Q

Conscious Level (Freud)

A

What you are currently aware of

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13
Q

Preconscious level (Freud)

A

Things you can be conscious of if you focus on them, but they aren’t in your current awareness

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14
Q

Unconscious level (Freud)

A
  • Sexual & Aggressive drives
  • you aren’t aware of them
  • they can strongly influence your behaviour
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15
Q

Which principle is the Ego?

A

Reality Principle

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16
Q

Which principle is the Superego?

A

Moral Principle

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17
Q

Which principle is the id?

A

Pleasure principle

18
Q

In Freud’s iceberg, which is responsible for planning?

A

Ego

19
Q

In Freud’s iceberg, which is responsible for practicality and socially acceptable behaviour?

A

Ego

20
Q

In Freud’s iceberg, which is predominantly CONSCIOUS but mediates with the unconscious?

A

Ego

21
Q

In Freud’s iceberg, which is responsible for primary impulses and cravings?

A

Id

22
Q

In Freud’s iceberg, which is responsible for disregarding laws and social conventions?

A

Id

23
Q

In Freud’s iceberg, which is entirely UNCONSCIOUS?

A

Id

24
Q

In Freud’s iceberg, which is considered your CONSCIENCE?

A

Superego

25
Q

In Freud’s iceberg, which is responsible for moral beliefs and right or wrong?

A

Superego

26
Q

In Freud’s iceberg, which is shaped by your parents attitudes towards you?

A

Superego

27
Q

In Freud’s iceberg, which is both CONSCIOUS & UNCONSCIOUS?

A

Superego

28
Q

What were the 2 concepts of Bandura’s Social Learning Theory?

A
  1. personality develops through observational learning
  2. Reciprocal determinism
29
Q

What does reciprocal determinism mean?

A

People influence the environment & it influences people

30
Q

How do cognitive approaches influence personality in social learning theory?

A

By mediating between external environments & behaviour

31
Q

Who are the key theorists in behaviourism theory? (2)

A

Watson & Skinner

32
Q

What did Skinner propose in his behaviourism theory? (2)

A
  1. That people learn by operant conditioning
  2. Personality is a collection of ‘learned behaviour patterns’
33
Q

What is operant conditioning (behaviourism theory)?

A

Reward & Punishment

34
Q

What is the humanistic approach?

A

Focuses on humans as future-oriented, finding human potential for personal development

35
Q

Humanism believes that personality is shaped by…

A

Experience

36
Q

The humanistsic approach is strongly

A

IDIOGRAPHIC (individual-focused)

37
Q

What is Rogers’ humanist theory about? (3)

A
  1. It’s positive - focuses on present & future
  2. We’re self-driven
  3. We’re all good: bad behaviour is a response to stress
38
Q

What are the 3 main concepts of Rogers humanist theory?

S, PR, SA

A
  1. The Self
  2. The need for positive regard
  3. Self-Actualisation
39
Q

What is ‘the self’ in humanist theory? (3 things)

SW, SI, IS

A

A combo of your self-worth, self-image & ideal self

40
Q

What is the Need For Positive Regard in humanist theory? (2)

A

We have a need for acceptance, & parenting determines self-worth

41
Q

What is Self-Actualisation in humanist theory?

A

The highest realisation of human potential (being authentically you & helping the lives of others)

42
Q

What are the 3 defence mechanisms in humanist theory?

D, PDOE, SE

A

Denial,
Perceptual Distortion of experience,
Self Enhancement

Individual Differences (1 decks)

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