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Personality disorders 1 > Personality organisation and defense mechanisms > Flashcards

Personality organisation and defense mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality organization?

A

A continuum to identify the severity of mental illness; ranging from reasonably healthy to severely ill

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2
Q

What are the three types of personality organization?

A
  1. Neurotic PO
  2. Borderline PO
  3. Psychotic PO
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3
Q

What are the three most important factors for the type of personality organization?

A

Defense, identity integration and reality testing

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4
Q

What are all the factors that define the type of personality organization?

A
  1. Defense
  2. Identity integration
  3. Reality testing
  4. Observing ego
  5. Primary conflict
  6. Counter/transference
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5
Q

Neurotic PO: explain defense, identity integration, reality testing, observing ego, primary conflict and counter/transference

A
  1. Defense: Mature
  2. Identity integration: Yes
  3. Reality testing: Intact
  4. Observing ego: Yes
  5. Primary conflict: Oedipal
  6. Counter/transference: Working alliance
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6
Q

Psychotic PO: explain defense, identity integration, reality testing, observing ego, primary conflict and counter/transference

A
  1. Defense: Immature
  2. Identity integration: No
  3. Reality testing: No
  4. Observing ego: No
  5. Primary conflict: Existential
  6. Counter/transference: Parental
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7
Q

Borderline PO: explain defense, identity integration, reality testing, observing ego, primary conflict and counter/transference

A
  1. Defense: Immature
  2. Identity integration: No
  3. Reality testing: Intact
  4. Observing ego: Limited
  5. Primary conflict: Separation-individuation
  6. Counter/transference: All good/bad
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8
Q

Cluster A is which type of personality organization?

A

Psychotic PO

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9
Q

Cluster C and healthy people are which type of personality organization?

A

Neurotic PO

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10
Q

PPO: defense, identity and reality testing?

A

Defense: primitive
Identity: diffused (no boundaries)
Reality testing: compromised

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11
Q

BPO: defense, identity and reality testing?

A

Defense: primitive
Identity: diffused (polarization)
Reality testing: intact

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12
Q

NPO: defense, identity and reality testing?

A

Defense: mature
Identity: integrated
Reality testing: intact

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13
Q

What are defense mechanisms?

A

Psychological strategies, unconsciously used, to protect us or help us cope with (the anxiety related to) unwanted/unaccepted thoughts and emotions. They help protect the sense of self.

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14
Q

What are the three types of defense mechanisms?

A
  • Mature
  • Neurotic
  • Immature
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15
Q

Mature defense mechanisms?

A
  • Help the individual in dealing with his or her psychologically stressful experiences by integrating affects with ideas, therefore optimizing and possibly resolving the internal or external cause of distress
  • Internal and external stressors are fully perceived without distortion and the need to adapt to them is fully appropriated to oneself
  • Positive coping
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16
Q

Neurotic defense mechanisms?

A
  • Reflect the experience that awareness of a wish, thought or motive is unacceptable or threatening and must be kept out of awareness
  • The individual can experience feelings associated with an internal conflict or external stressors as long as full awareness of the idea is blocked and expressed indirectly
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17
Q

Immature defense mechanisms?

A
  • Characterized by severe alteration of painful mental contents and/or radical distortion of external reality
  • Unacceptable feelings are kept outside of consciousness
  • Feelings and impulses are not recognized as being one’s own
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18
Q

Examples of mature defense mechanisms?

A
  • Humor
  • Sublimation
  • Suppression
  • Altruism
19
Q

Humor

A

Expressing uncomfortable feelings (in the form of jokes, for example) without causing oneself discomfort

20
Q

Sublimination

A

Expressing a personally unacceptable or unattainable feeling in a socially acceptable or useful way. Considered a more adaptive defense mechanism in that it can transform negative anxiety into positive energy.

21
Q

Supression

A

Pushing the unpleasant or unacceptable feeling, thought, or desire deliberately out of consciousness. It is the only defense mechanism to have some sort of conscious effort, albeit partial. Suppression involves attempting not to think about a memory or feelings.

22
Q

Which is the only defense mechanism that involves some sort of conscious effort?

A

Suppression

23
Q

Altruism

A

Helping others feel better about oneself, thereby avoiding negative personal feelings. Gratification is achieved from the response of others.

24
Q

Examples of neurotic defense mechanisms

A
  • Undoing
  • Reaction formation
  • Intellectualization
  • Repression
  • Idealization
  • Displacement
25
Q

Undoing

A

Behaving or acting in a way to reverse unacceptable behavior. “Correcting” a past mistake. May involve rituals to “un-do” a “sinful” thought or action

26
Q

Reaction formation

A

A manifestation of a feeling and/or action that is diametrically opposite to that of the underlying unacceptable impulse. Thus, there is a transformation of the feeling to its exact opposite.

27
Q

Intellectualization

A

Using higher functions (excessively) instead of affect to deal with unpleasant facts or situations. Dealing with emotions is avoided, and the intellectual content may be too academic in nature, drained of any affective content

28
Q

Repression

A

An unpleasant or unacceptable feeling or thought is pushed out from consciousness. Differs from suppression in that the thought or feeling is unconsciously eliminated and the content can no longer be obtained.

29
Q

Idealization

A

Creating an ideal impression of a person, place or object by emphasizing their positive qualities and neglecting the negative

30
Q

Displacement

A

The emotion remaining the same, the target of the emotional outlet is changes. This is different from acting out in that the primary emotion is not masked, only redirected.

31
Q

Examples of immature defense mechanisms

A
  • Projection
  • Acting out
  • Denial
  • Dissociation
  • Regression
  • Passive aggression
  • Isolation
  • Splitting
  • Autistic fantasy
  • Somatization
32
Q

Projection

A

Attributing one’s own feelings, desires, or thoughts to someone else. This is associated with or may lead to paranoia.

33
Q

Acting out

A

A strong display of emotions or behavior in order to hide the unacceptable underlying feelings or ideas. May be socially inappropriate. The actual emotion is being masked.

34
Q

Denial

A

Avoiding an obvious aspect of reality by pretending that it is false or that it does not exist thus blocking the external events from awareness

35
Q

Dissociation

A

To momentarily lose connection to the world around, feel separated from the outside world, as though one exist in another realm.

36
Q

Regression

A

Reverting to a behavior that is more childlike (or otherwise younger than age). Seen in people (also without mental disability) who are sick or otherwise uncomfortable.

37
Q

Passive-aggressive behavior

A

A passive (indirect) way of expressing aggression. Manifested as setting up an expectation and then not meeting it. However, this feeling often operates at a subconscious level.

38
Q

Isolation (of affect)

A

To separate ideas or feelings from the rest of your thoughts. In distinguishing an emotion or impulse from others in this way, a person attempts to protect the ego from anxieties caused by a specific situation

39
Q

Splitting

A

Splitting occurs when the ego attempts to reconcile multiple aspects or rationales, but resorts to understanding the world in “black and white” terms. A person who experiences splitting may take an “either or” approach when making evaluations of the world around them, including objects, situations, and people.

40
Q

Autistic fantasy/ autistic withdrawal

A

An autistic retreat into an imaginary life to avoid facing unacceptable feelings or the unpleasant reality

41
Q

Somatization

A

Occurs when the internal conflicts between the drives of the id, ego and super ego take on physical characteristics

42
Q

Marianne is a 27y old young woman with borderline personality organization (BPO), as such Marianne is likely to present with a (1) and/but she is (2) to distinguish what is real from what is not:
1. (1) fragmented sense of self (2) unable
2. (1) fragmented sense of self (2) able
3. (1) consistent sense of self and others (2) unable
4. (1) consistent sense of self and others (2) able

A
  1. (1) fragmented sense of self (2) able
43
Q

Which defense mechanism is commonly described as “To
momentarily lose connection to the world around, feel
separated from the outside world, as though one exist in
another realm.”

1) Dissociation
2) Projective identification
3) Splitting
4) Denial

A

1) Dissociation

Personality disorders 1 (4 decks)

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