PERSONALITY DISORDERS Flashcards
What are the general DSM-5 Criteria for personality disorders?
-An enduring pattern of experience and behavior that deviates markedly from expectations of one’s culture. Manifested via: Cognition, Affectivity, Interpersonal functioning, and impulse control.
What are the general DSM-5 Criteria for personality disorders?
- An enduring pattern of experience and behavior that deviates markedly from expectations of one’s culture. Manifested via: Cognition, Affectivity, Interpersonal functioning, and impulse control.
- Pattern is enduring, Inflexible, and pervasive.
- Clinically significant distress or impairment
- Onset can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood.
What are the common risk factors across personality disorders?
- Children in the community study
- Genetics component
What are the key features of Paranoid Personality Disorder?
Distrust and suspiciousness:
- Suspiciousness of being harmed/deceived/exploited
- Doubts about loyalty
- Reluctance to confide in others
- Read hidden meanings into the benign actions of others.
- Bear grudges
- Angry reactions to perceived attacks
- Unwarranted suspiciousness of the fidelity of partner
What other disorder is similar to paranoid personality disorder?
Schizophrenia. BUT There are no delusions in paranoid personality disorder, no cognitive distortions, less impairment in general also.
What are the diagnostic criteria for Schizoid personality disorder?
Detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression:
-Lack of interest/enjoyment of close relationships
-Prefers solitude
-Little interest in sex
-Few or no pleasurable activities
-Lack of friends
-Indifference to praise or criticism
-Flat affect, Emotional detachment
(Schizoid shows no delusions, no hallucinations which are how it differs from schizophrenia)
What are the diagnostic criteria for Schizotypal personality disorder?
Unusual and eccentric thoughts and behaviors (Psychoticism), interpersonal detachment, and suspiciousness
- Odd beliefs or magical thinking
- Illusions
- Odd/eccentric behavior or appearance
- Affect is flat; aloof from others.
What is the etiology of the ODD/ECCENTRIC cluster?
- Schizotypal PD linked with schizophrenia
- Relatives w/ Schizotypal pd at a greater risk for schizophrenia
- Both show cognitive and neuropsychological deficits
- Both show enlarged ventricles
- Both show less temporal grey matter
- Not much known about the etiology of paranoid and schizoid pd
dramatic, emotional or erratic disorders
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
What are the diagnostic criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder?
-Must be 18
-Conduct order before age 15 don’t have to be diagnosed but has to have shown these behaviors
(Pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others since the age of 15: (At least three of these)
1. Repeated law-breaking
2. Deceitfulness, lying
3. Impulsivity
4. Irritability and aggressiveness
5. Reckless disregard for own safety and that of others
6. Irresponsibility
7. Lack of remorse
What is the Etiology of Antisocial personality disorder?
- Much more common in men than women
- Comorbid substance use very common
- Genetics: Antisocial behaviour heritable (40-50%)
- Family environment
- Problems with out knowledge of APD? -based on criminal population.
What are the differences between antisocial PD and Psychopathy?
- Psychopathy is associated with more effective symptoms.
2. APD requires a diagnosis of conduct disorder before age 15.
What are the core features of borderline Personality Disorder?
Impulsivity and instability(In relationships, self image, and impulsivity)
- Impulsive
- Emotional reactivity
- Unstable, stormy, intense relationships
- Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment
- Unstable sense of self (Struggle to explain who they are and things about themselves)
- Chronic feelings of emptiness
- Anger control problems
- Recurrent suicidal gestures
- transient psychotic or dissociative symptoms (Usually in periods of extreme stress)
What is the etiology of BPD?
- Genetic component highly hereditary 60%
- Deceased functioning of the serotonin system
- Increased activation of the amygdala
What are the diagnostic criteria of histrionic personality disorder?
- Strong need to be the center of attention
- Rapidly shifting expression of emotions
- Inappropriate sexually seductive behavior
- Use of physical appearance to draw attention to self
- Speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail
- exaggerated, theatrical emotional expression
- Overly suggestible (Go along with others to fit in)
- Misreads relationships as more intimate than they are. (Referred to everyone as best friend, my love, my dear.)
