Personality Disorders

Question 1

personality trait

Answer 1

-enduring, repetitive pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself

Question 2

personality disorder

Answer 2

• inflexible, maladaptive, and rigidly pervasive pattern of behavior causing subjective distress and/or impaired fxning
• person usually not aware of problem
• usually presents by early adulthood

Question 3

Personality disorders- DSM dx criteria

Answer 3

• experience and behavior deviating from expectations of individual’s culture
• inflexible and pervasive
• distress or impairment in social, occupational, and other areas of fxning
• stable, long duration
• not accounted for by a mental disorder
• not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or general medical condition

Question 4

personality disorders- not diagnosed in?

Answer 4

• children!!

- have to be at least 18 yo

Question 5

Cluster A- disorders

Answer 5

(weird- odd or eccentric disorders)

• Paranoid personality disorder
• Schizoid
• Schizotypal

Question 6

Paranoid personality disorder

Answer 6

Irrational suspicions and mistrust of others

• others are deceiving/exploiting the pt
• friends are untrustworthy
• hidden meaning in remarks/events
• spouse is unfaithful
• risk for depression, OCD, substance abuse

Question 7

Schizoid personality disorder

Answer 7

• lack of interest in social relationships- and dont care!
• indifferent to the praise/criticism of others
• lacks close friends
• little pleasure in activities

Question 8

Schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 8

odd behavior or thinking!!

• believe public messages are directed personally at them
• odd beliefs or magical thinking (conspiracy theories)
• social anxiety

Question 9

Cluster B- disorders

Answer 9

B= BAD

• antisocial personality disorder
• borderline
• histrionic
• narcissistic

Question 10

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 10

• repeated violations of the law
• pervasive lying and deception
• physical aggressiveness
• disregard for safety of self/others
• consistent irresponsibility- blame everyone else
• lack of remorse

Question 11

Antisocial personality disorder- who? at risk for?

Answer 11

3x M > F

• anxiety disorders
• substance abuse!!!
• pathological gambling

Question 12

Borderline Personality disorder

Answer 12

• frantic efforts to avoid expected abandonment
• unstable self-image
• impulsivity (sex, substance abuse)
• self-mutilation
• chronic feelings of emptiness
• anger
• 3x F > M

Question 13

Borderline personality disorder- 2

Answer 13

• manipulative
• immature traits- teddy bear sign, tweety bird sign
• set rigid boundaries when tx these pts- will split staff members against each other
• high rate of major depression!!

Question 14

Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 14

• attention-seeking behavior!!
• sexually provocative
• la belle indifference- indiff detachment while describing dramatic physical sx’s
• assoc w somatoform disorders

Question 15

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 15

• exaggeration of their own talents
• sense of entitlement
• exploitation of others
• envy of others!!!
• arrogant
• 50-75% are Male
• risk for- anorexia nervosa, substance abuse

Question 16

Cluster C- disorders

Answer 16

(Anxious or fearful disorders)

• avoidant personality disorder
• dependent
• obsessive-compulsive

Question 17

Avoidant personality disorder

Answer 17

• differs from schizoid- desire relationships w others!!!
• paralyzed by their fear into social isolation
• shy, but not as odd as cluster A types

Question 18

Dependent personality disorder

Answer 18

• diff making decisions w/o guidance and reassurance
• need for others to assume responsibility for most areas of person’s life
• diff expressing disagreement w others
• excessive measures to obtain nurturance and support!!
• fears of being left to fend for themselves

Question 19

Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder

Answer 19

Set in their ways; preoccupied w being organized

• preoccupied w perfectionism and control
• lack flexibility
• 2x M > F

Question 20

Treatments

Answer 20

• psychodynamic psychotherapy (doesnt use)
• cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
• group psychotherapy
• dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Question 21

Cognitive behavior therapy

Answer 21

• deals w how ppl think about their world and their perception of it
• once weekly, 6-20 wks

Question 22

Dialectical behavior therapy

Answer 22

• for borderline personality disorder!
• improve impulse control and on reducing self-harmful behavior
• reduce impulsive behavior in other cluster B personality disorders

Question 23

Medications

Answer 23

• adjunct to psychotherapy
• tx of symptom clusters
• benzodiazepines, narcotic analgesics, other drugs w potential for dependency should be used rarely!!

Question 24

complications

Answer 24

• suicide
• substance abuse
• depression

Question 25

prognosis

Answer 25

• lifelong disorders
• cluster A and B- tend to become less severe in middle age/late life
• cluster B- worst prognosis!!- substance abuse, impulse control, suicidal behavior!!
• cluster C characteristics tend to become exaggerated later in life

Question 26

case study- very shy, would like a boyfriend, refuses to take a speech course, anxious about speaking in class

Answer 26

-Avoidant PD

Question 27

case study- self-inflicted cigarette burns, devastation feelings after ending of a relationship

Answer 27

-Borderline PD

Question 28

why do they self-mutilate?

Answer 28

-release endogenous opiates