Personality Disorders Flashcards
Histrionic Personality Disorder etiology and risk factors ?
Not well understood
Speculation that may be associated to low self-esteem acquired as a child
Borderline Personality Disorder procedures / therapy / surgery ?
Group and family
Individual
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DPT)
Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms ?
People with BPD are often uncertain about who they are. As a result, their interests and values can change rapidly. They also tend to view things in terms of extremes, such as either all good or all bad. Their views of other people can change quickly. A person who is looked up to one day may be looked down on the next day. These suddenly shifting feelings often lead to intense and unstable relationships.
Histrionic Personality Disorder symptoms ?
People with this disorder are usually able to function at a high level and can be successful socially and at work.
Symptoms include:
Acting or looking overly seductive
Being easily influenced by other people
Being overly concerned with their looks
Being overly dramatic and emotional
Being overly sensitive to criticism or disapproval
Believing that relationships are more intimate than they actually are
Blaming failure or disappointment on others
Constantly seeking reassurance or approval
Having a low tolerance for frustration or delayed gratification
Needing to be the center of attention
Quickly changing emotions, which may seem shallow to others
**they do not get other people emotions, it is all about them ( they hurt other people and have problems with relationships) **
Antisocial Personality Disorder genetics?
Twin studies support genetic association
Antisocial Personality DisorderProcedures / therapy / surgery ?
Group, marital, and community program seem most effective
Individual psychotherapy considered ineffective
wont really unless specialist in specific type of personality disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder diagnostic criteria ?
Instability of personal relationships, self-image, and marked impulsivity
Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment
they will do anything to stay in a relationship
Unstable and intense personal relationships
Alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation
“I love you…I hate you…”
Significant and persistent unstable self-image
Impulsivity (i.e. elaborate spending, substance abuse)
Recurrent suicidal behaviors, threats, or self-mutilation control method ( breka up then they intend to hurt themselves to save relationship)
Intense mood disturbances (i.e. intense irritability)
Chronic feelings of emptiness
Transient, paranoid stress-related paranoia
Narcissistic Personality Disorder etiology and risk factors ?
Unknown but theory that lack (or excess) of parental appreciation for childhood accomplishments
Dependent Personality Disorder causes?
Causes of dependent personality disorder are unknown. The disorder usually begins in childhood. It is one of the most common personality disorders and is equally common in men and women.
Histrionic Personality Disorder clinical pearls ?
Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
Histrionic Personality DisorderHistrionic Personality Disorder complications ?
Strained relationships
Career challenges
Legal
Antisocial Personality Disorder symptoms?
A person with antisocial personality disorder may:
Be able to act witty and charming
Be good at flattery and manipulating other people’s emotions
Break the law repeatedly
Disregard the safety of self and others
Have problems with substance abuse
Lie, steal, and fight often
Not show guilt or remorse
Often be angry or arrogant
Whats is Dependent Personality Disorder ?
Dependent personality disorder is a mental condition in which people depend too much on others to meet their emotional and physical needs.
Dependent Personality Disorder prognosis ?
variable
Avoidant Personality Disorder causes?
Causes of avoidant personality disorder are unknown. Genes or a physical illness that changed the person’s appearance may play a role. 1% of the population has avoidant personality disorder.
Borderline Personality Disorder prevalence ?
1 – 2% More women (but may be under diagnosed in men)
Common among psychiatric and emergency room patients (i.e. suicide attempt…self mutilation)
What is Avoidant Personality Disorder ?
Avoidant personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person has a lifelong pattern of feeling very:
Shy
Inadequate
Sensitive to rejection
**they are afraid of rejection and criticism **
Avoidant Personality Disorder prognosis ?
Many patients can manager their symptoms
Prognosis worse if other personality disorders involved
Dependent Personality Disorder prevalence ?
More women 0.5-3%
Common among mental health treatment centers
dependent on mental health provider
Antisocial Personality Disorder Prevalence ?
2-4% male and 0.5 – 1.0% female
Strong correlation to Conduct Disorder as a child
Narcissistic Personality Disorder causes?
Cause of this disorder is unknown. Early life experiences, such as particularly insensitive parenting, are thought to play a role in the development of this disorder.
Histrionic Personality Disorder prognosis?
generally good
Avoidant Personality Disorder etiology and risk factors ?
Unknown & speculated related to stagnated emotional growth Unknown & speculated related to stagnated emotional growth
Borderline Personality Disorder causes?
Cause of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is unknown. Genetic, family, and social factors are thought to play roles.
Risk factors for BPD include:
Abandonment in childhood or adolescence
Disrupted family life
Poor communication in the family
Sexual, physical, or emotional abuse
BPD tends to occur more often in women and among hospitalized psychiatric people.
Dependent Personality Disorder medications ?
SSRI
Anxiolytics (but limited)
Antisocial Personality Disorder DSM criteria ?
Pervasive pattern of violating rights of others
they do not care about your feelings
they do not conform to social norms
> 15 yo
Antisocial Personality Disorder three of the following are needed ?
criteria plus at least 3 of these:
Failure to conform to social norms – leading to arrest
Deceitful
Impulsive
Irritable and Aggressive
Reckless
Failure to sustain regular work
Lack of remorse for actions cause they do not care ( “ it is like a wire has been clipped”)
DBT –developed for Borderline Personality Disorder and now used in other areas. Combination of?
CBT for emotion regulation and
Reality testing with concepts of mindful awareness
Avoidant Personality Disorder treatment?
Talk therapy is considered to be the most effective treatment for this condition. It helps people with this disorder be less sensitive to rejection. Antidepressant medicines may be used in addition.
Borderline Personality Disorder other symptoms ?
Other symptoms of BPD include:
Intense fear of being abandoned
Cannot tolerate being alone
Frequent feelings of emptiness and boredom
Frequent displays of inappropriate anger
Impulsiveness, such as with substance abuse or sexual relationships
Repeated crises and acts of self-injury, such as wrist cutting or overdosing
Dependent Personality Disorder procedures / therapy / surgery ?
Group & Marital interventions
CBT
Histrionic Personality Disorder genetics?
Appears to be a relatively strong genetic component
Also appears to be a link between histrionic and antisocial disorder
What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder ?
Narcissistic personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person has:
Anexcessive sense of self-importance
An extreme preoccupation with themselves
A lack of empathy for others
they are not the problem, everyone else is the problem
Avoidant Personality Disorder procedures / therapy /surgery ?
Group and individual counseling can be helpful however these patients often are reluctant to disclose information for fear of rejection
back to the future guy
Narcissistic Personality Disorder diagnostic criteria ?
Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts- five (or more) of the following:
Grandiose sense of self-importance Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty
Believes he/she is “special” and unique
Requires excessive admiration
Has a sense of entitlement
Interpersonally exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of others.
Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others
Is often envious of others
Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes
they think of themselves as they are the most important person
Narcissistic Personality Disorder procedures / therapy / surgery ?
Group and family
Individual
Narcissistic Personality Disorder prognosis ?
Poor and may worsen over time
Linked to significant depression
Dependent Personality Disorder diagnostic criteria ?
Excessive need to be taken care of
Needs others to assume responsibility for their life
Fear of expressing disagreement for fear of losing someone
Lack of self-confidence so fear of initiating activities
When one relationship ends, aggressively searches for another relationship as a source of care and support
Unrealistically fears taking care of self
**avoidant avoids but this is the complete opposite - they are dependent - need someone to take care of all aspects of their lives **
Avoidant Personality Disorder diagnostic criteria ?
Avoids activities that involve significant interpersonal contact – due to fear of criticism, rejection, or disapproval
Restrained in interpersonal relationships
Preoccupied with being criticized
Feels socially inept
Reluctant to take personal risks
Inhibited in new social situations
Histrionic Personality Disorder diagnostic criteria ?
Center of attention
Inappropriately sexually
Seductive or provocative
Rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions
Physical appearance for attention seeking
-dress well and odd for attention
Speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacks detail
Theatrical and exaggerated expression of emotion
Considers relationships more intimate than they really are
they have to be center of attention
Dependent Personality Disorder etiology and risk factors ?
Childhood where dependent behaviors encouraged and independent behaviors discouraged
Histrionic Personality Disorder causes ?
Causes of histrionic personality disorder are unknown. Genes and early childhood events may be responsible. It is diagnosed more often in women than in men. Doctors believe that more men may have the disorder than are diagnosed.
Histrionic personality disorder usually begins by late teens or early 20s.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder symptoms ?
A person with narcissistic personality disorder may:
React to criticism with rage, shame, or humiliation
Take advantage of other people to achieve his or her own goals
Have excessive feelings of self-importance
Exaggerate achievements and talents
Be preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, beauty, intelligence, or ideal love
Have unreasonable expectations of favorable treatment
Need constant attention and admiration
Disregard the feelings of others, and have little ability to feel empathy
Have obsessive self-interest
Pursue mainly selfish goals
Borderline Personality Disorder prognosis?
Generally poor
Better prognosis associated with higher intelligence, superior social support systems and increased self-discipline
Antisocial Personality Disorder prognosis ?
Poor
This is the most treatment resistant Axis II disorder
dont have to know this
However, problems usually peak in late adolescence and early adulthood
30-40% show significant improvement by 30-40’s
Histrionic Personality Disorder medications?
Little evidence to support pharmacologic treatment however antidepressants may be useful
what is Histrionic Personality Disorder?
Histrionic personality disorder is a mental condition in which people act in a very emotional and dramatic way that draws attention to themselves.
Dependent Personality Disorder symptoms?
People with this disorder do not trust their own ability to make decisions. They may be very upset by separation and loss. They may go to great lengths, even suffering abuse, to stay in a relationship.
Symptoms of dependent personality disorder may include:
Avoiding being alone
Avoiding personal responsibility
Becoming easily hurt by criticism or disapproval
Becoming overly focused on fears of being abandoned
Becoming very passive in relationships
Feeling very upset or helpless when relationships end
Having difficulty making decisions without support from others
Having problems expressing disagreements with others
What is Antisocial Personality disorder ?
Antisocial personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others. This behavior is often criminal.
Hanniblal Lecter
Clockwork Orange
Narcissistic Personality Disorder medications ?
Little evidence to support pharmacological use except to treat other conditions such as depression
MEDS DO NOT WORK
Avoidant Personality Disorder symptoms?
People with this disorder cannot stop thinking about their own shortcomings. They form relationships with other people only if they believe they will not be rejected. Loss and rejection are so painful that these people choose to be lonely rather than risk trying to connect with others.
A person with avoidant personality disorder may:
Be easily hurt when people criticize or disapprove of them
Hold back too much in intimate relationships
Be reluctant to become involved with people
Avoid activities or jobs that involve contact with others
Be shy in social situations out of fear of doing something wrong
Make potential difficulties seem worse than they are
Hold the view they are not good socially, not as good as other people, or unappealing
Antisocial Personality Disorder causes?
Cause of antisocial personality disorder is unknown. Genetic factors and environmental factors, such as child abuse, are believed to contribute to the development of this condition. People with an antisocial or alcoholic parent are at increased risk. Far more men than women are affected. The condition is common among people who are in prison.
Fire-setting and cruelty to animals during childhood are often seen in the development of antisocial personality.
Borderline Personality Disorder medications?
Lithium
Carbamazepine
Sodium valproate
Risperidone
SSRI - less so
Antisocial Personality Disorder has a strong correlation with that disorder as a child ?
Conduct Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder prognosis?
People with this disorder may develop some ability to relate to others. With treatment this can be improved.
Borderline Personality Disorder Etiology & Risk Factors ?
Thought to originate with disturbances in normal parental separation as a child
- thinking it comes from separation as a child
May also be due to other parental problems such as poor expression of affection, over criticism, and other developmental trauma
**not schizo cause they know what they are doing **
Narcissistic Personality Disorder prevalence ?
< 1%
Slightly more common in men
**not as common as some of the other personality disorders **
Avoidant Personality Disorder medications ?
SSRI’s may be helpful as well as anxiolytics however little research exists to support the effectiveness
Antisocial Personality Disorder medications ?
Generally poor responses to medications
However, SSRI, bupropion and antipsychotics may help alleviate some of the aggressive behaviors
this is the most resistant to tx of all personality disorders
Histrionic Personality Disorder prevalence ?
1-3% mostly women
In men but under diagnosed
Avoidant Personality Disorder complications ?
Without treatment, a person with avoidant personality disorder may lead a life of near or total isolation. They may go on to develop a second mental health disorder, such as substance abuse, or a mood disorder, such as depression.
Histrionic Personality Disorder procedures / therapy / surgery ?
Group & Marital interventions
Individual therapy ( not as useful as group - this goes for most personality disorders)
Avoidant Personality Disorder prevalence ?
0.5 – 2.4% Mostly women
Antisocial Personality Disorder etiology & risk factors ?
Biological and Environmental
Antisocial parent
Alcoholic parent
Non-intact family
Low parental education
Conduct problems
Bullying and criminal
offenses in the family
What is Borderline transient disorder?
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental condition in which a person has long-term patterns of unstable or turbulent emotions. These inner experiences often result in impulsive actions and chaotic relationships with other people.
