Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Health > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

General DSM 5
Diagnostic Criteria for PD’s
4

(manifested how?)

A

Enduring pattern of inner experience or behavior that deviates from expectations of culture, manifested in two or more of the following:

  1. cognition (perception of self, others)
  2. affectivity (intensity, range of emotions)
  3. interpersonal functioning
  4. impulse control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What will their affect look like?

3

A
  1. odd, eccentric,
  2. labile,
  3. laughing while hurting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How will their interpersonal functioning look like?

Impulse control?

A

unable to respond to social cues.

not good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

General Diagnostic Criteria for PD’s

4
has to result in and cannot be due to

A
  1. Enduring pattern leads to distress, impairment in important areas of functioning (work, relationships)
  2. Pattern is stable and of long duration, can be traced back to childhood
  3. Pattern not better explained by another disorder (used to be Axis 1)
  4. Pattern not due to substance abuse or medical condition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Personality disorders have been linked to:

3

A
  1. Mortality (Roberts et al., 2007)
  2. Heart disease (Reich & Schatzburg, 2010)
  3. Life satisfaction and well-being (Lucas, 2008)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. Treating the Axis I pathology typically ______ help the personality disorder
  2. Treating the personality disorder typically ______ the Axis I pathology
A
  1. does not

2. does help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common PD diagnosis is what? 2

A

Personality Disorder NOS

and Deferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Problems with DSM-IV

A
  1. Diagnostic overlap (Lenzenweger et al., 2007)
  2. Diagnostic Heterogeneity (Widiger & Trull, 2009)
  3. Many Personality Disorders are understudied (Widiger & Trull, 2009)
  4. No specific treatments (Widiger & Trull, 2009)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

6 types of PD
Based on trait criteria
for DSM 5

6

A
  1. Antisocial
  2. Avoidant
  3. Borderline
  4. Narcissistic
  5. Obsessive-Compulsive
  6. Schizotypal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 personality styles?

A
  1. Detachment,
  2. psychoticism,
  3. Disinbition,
  4. negative affectivity,
  5. Antagonism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cluster A Disorders described as?

Which are in these? 3

Tx prognosis?

A
  1. (odd or eccentric) NOT psychosis
  2. Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
  3. high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cluster B Disorders described as?

Which are these? 4

Tx prognosis?

A
  1. (dramatic, emotional, erratic)
  2. Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
  3. intermediate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cluster C Disorders described as?

Which are these? 3

Tx prognosis?

A
  1. (anxious or fearful)
  2. Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive, Dependent
  3. low
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder
characteristics?
3

A
  1. Lack of trust in others
  2. Fear that friends may be disloyal, unfaithful
  3. Being hypersensitive, overly suspicious, perceived as hostile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DSM-5 Criteria for Paranoid PD

7

A

Pervasive distrust, suspicion of others, and four or more of the following:

  1. suspects, without basis, that others are exploiting, harming, deceiving
  2. is preoccupied with unjustified doubts of loyalty or trustworthiness of people
  3. is reluctant to confide in others
  4. reads hidden, demeaning, threatening meaning into benign actions
  5. persistently bears grudges
  6. perceives attacks on reputation
  7. has unjustified suspicions about fidelity of others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Co-occuring Disorders with PD?

4

A
  1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  2. Panic Disorder
  3. Delusional Disorder
  4. Other PDs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatments for PPD

3

A
  1. Cognitive Behavioral therapy to challenge paranoid beliefs
  2. Medication (SSRIs) to reduce suspiciousness
  3. Day Treatment Programs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DSM-5 Criteria for Schizoid PD

7

A

Detachment from social relationships, restricted emotions, as indicated by four or more of the following:

  1. neither desires nor enjoys social relationships
  2. prefers solitary activities
  3. has little interest in sexual experiences
  4. gets pleasure from few activities
  5. lacks close friends
  6. appears indifferent to praise or criticism
  7. shows emotional coldness, detachment, flat affect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What will the patient act like in Schizoid?

4

A

Least commonly diagnosed personality disorder in the general population

Unsocial, quiet, reserved, serious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Differential Diagnosis
Schizoid PD

4

What does Schizoid PD lack?

A
  1. Paranoid PD
  2. Schizotypal PD
  3. Schizophrenia
  4. Autism

Again, lack of clear cut delusions, hallucinations or other psychotic features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Schizoid personality disorder appears to begin 1.when while autism is seen 2.when?

A
  1. in early adulthood

2. in the infant or small child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment for Schizoid PD

3

A
  1. Schizoid PD patients aren’t likely to seek help.
  2. Social skills training- modeling , role-playing, shaping, feedback, and reinforcement of positive interactions may be used in SST
  3. Low dose antipsychotics or antidepressants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

DSM-5 Criteria for Schizotypal PD
9

Lacks what?

A

Acute discomfort with social relationships, eccentric behavior, and five or more of the following:

  1. ideas of reference
  2. odd beliefs
  3. unusual perceptual experiences
  4. odd speech
  5. Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
  6. inappropriate or constricted affect
  7. odd or eccentric appearance and behavior
  8. lack of close friends
  9. excessive social anxiety

Again, lack of clear cut delusions, hallucinations or other psychotic features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe some situations that a Schizotypal PD might believe?

A
  1. Ideas of reference: The feeling that casual incidents and external events have a particular and unusual meaning that is specific to the person. This is to be distinguished from a delusion of reference, in which there is a belief that is held with delusional conviction
  2. Believing that ‘somehow everyone on a passing city bus is talking about them, yet they may be able to acknowledge this is unlikely
  3. A feeling that people on television or radio are talking about or talking directly to them

4, Believing that headlines or stories in newspapers are written especially for them

  1. Believing that events (even world events) relate to them
  2. Believing that the lyrics of a song are specifically about them

Story about MHCD, “What are you doing?” Walking up the stairs backwards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Differential Diagnosis

Schizotypal PD

A
  1. Other PDs in cluster A
  2. Psychotic disorders
    - The personality disorder must have been present before the onset of psychotic symptoms and persist when the psychotic symptoms are in remission (DSM-5)
    - Psychotic disorders are all characterized by a period of persistent psychotic symptoms (DSM-5)
26
Q

Treatment for Schizotypal PD

3

A
  1. Similar to Schizoid
  2. Social skills training
  3. Low dose antipsychotics or antidepressants

Mental health center
Socialize, social skills training
Mental health center in Denver – music therapy!
M.L. – limit amount of time worrying 30 minutes a day.

27
Q

Contrast Schizoid and Schizotypal

  1. Similarities? 1
  2. Differences? 2
A
  1. Similarities
    - inability to initiate or maintain relationships (both friendly and romantic)
  2. Differences
    - Schizotypal patients avoid social interaction because of a fear of people.
    - Schizoid individuals feel no desire to form relationships
28
Q
  1. Whihc kind of disorders? 4
  2. Cluster B Personality Disorders described as?
    3
A
    • Antisocial
    • borderline
    • histrionic
    • narcissistic personality disorders
  2. Dramatic, emotional and erratic
  3. Being self-absorbed, prone to exaggerate importance of events
  4. Having difficulty maintaining close relationships
29
Q

DSM-5 Criteria for
Antisocial PD
10

A

Pattern of disregard for rights of others since age 15, as indicated by three or more of the following:

  1. failure to conform to social norms, respect lawful behavior
  2. deceitfulness, lying, conning others for profit or pleasure
  3. impulsivity, failure to plan ahead
  4. irritability, aggressiveness, repeated fights
  5. reckless disregard for safety of others
  6. consistent irresponsibility, failure to honor obligations
  7. lack of remorse
  8. Individual is at least 18 years old
  9. Evidence of conduct disorder before age 15.
  10. Occurrence not exclusively during the course of Schizophrenia, or a manic episode
30
Q

What can they act like?

A

Can be very charming, likeable!

31
Q

Treatment of Antisocial PD

4

A
  1. Usually court ordered
  2. Anger management (harm reduction)
  3. Medication to treat impulsivity, aggressiveness, explosiveness and violence.
  4. Group therapy (with other APD patients, not mixed)
32
Q

At what point does the BIG LIE THINKING occur?

A

Between MAD ANGRY and

FURIOUS
ENRAGED

BETWEEN 5 AND 6

33
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder
-Enduring pattern of thinking, behavior that involves?
3

A
  1. instability of mood, self-image, interpersonal relationships
  2. frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
  3. unrealistically positive or negative opinions about others (intense relationships or nonexistence)
34
Q

Facts About Borderline Personality Disorder: Dx more in who?

What kind of behavior is common?

What kind of thinking is common?

A

Diagnosed more often in women

Threats/actions of self-harm are common

Black and White thinking

35
Q

Amygdala-Prefrontal Disconnection
in BPD
1. Normal: prefrontal cortex → _____________ over amygdala

  1. What is BPD?
A
  1. inhibitory control
  2. Absence of normally tight coupling
    = disconnect between orbital frontal cortex and amygdala→ failure to downregulate amygdala in response to aversive stimuli
36
Q

Cortex is the what center?

Amygdala is the what center?

A

Cortex is the thought center

Amygdala is the emotion center. (no brakes for this-emotional override)

37
Q

DSM-5 Criteria for Borderline PD

9

A

Instability in relationships, self-image,
marked impulsivity, and five or more of the
following:
1. frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
2. pattern of unstable, intense relationships
3. identity disturbance
4. impulsivity in two or more areas that are self-damaging
5. recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, threats
6. affective instability
7. chronic feelings of emptiness
8. inappropriate intense anger
9. transient, stress-related paranoid ideas

38
Q

Boderline PD often described as what?

A

LABILE

-Transient suspiciousness or disconnectedness

39
Q

Treatment of BPD

4

A
  1. Medications to treat target symptoms
  2. Acute inpatient psychiatry
  3. Dialectical behavioral therapy (in group and individual basis) is the treatment of choice
  4. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
40
Q

DBT teaches new, effective behaviors to replace these less functional and frustrating behaviors such as?
5

A
  1. Mindfulness
  2. Emotion regulation
  3. Distress tolerance
  4. Self management
  5. Handout on distress tolerance
41
Q
  1. Histrionic Personality Disorder is what?
  2. What personality traits does the person typically have?
  3. How will the person dress?
A
  1. Enduring pattern of thinking, behavior characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior
  2. Person is typically self-centered, vain, demanding
  3. Person dresses eccentrically, seductively
42
Q

DSM-5 Criteria for Histrionic PD

8

A

Excessive emotionality, attention-seeking, and five or more of the following:

  1. being uncomfortable when not center of attention
  2. interactions characterized by provocative, sexually seductive behavior
  3. rapidly shifting and shallow moods
  4. consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
  5. Style of speech is excessively impressionistic, and lacking in detail
  6. Shows self-dramatization, exaggerated expression of emotion
  7. is suggestible, easily influenced
  8. considers relationships more intimate than they are
43
Q

Treatment of Histrionic PD

2 (each is used for what?)

A
  1. CBT- CBT to address automatic thoughts and cognitive errors
  2. Group Therapy- Group therapy to improve interpersonal skills
44
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder
DSM-5 Criteria for Narcissistic PD
9

A

Grandiosity in fantasy and behavior, need for admiration, lack of empathy, and five or more of the following:

  1. has grandiose sense of self-importance
  2. is preoccupied with fantasies of power, success, love
  3. believes he or she is special or unique
  4. requires excessive admiration
  5. has sense of entitlement
  6. takes advantage of others to achieve own needs
  7. lacks empathy
  8. is often envious of others
  9. is arrogant, haughty
45
Q

Treatment of Narcissistic PD

3

A
  1. Anger management
  2. Psychotherapy (for Axis I)
  3. Group therapy (works best)
46
Q

Cluster C Personality Disorders

3

A
  1. Avoidant
  2. Obsessive-compulsive
  3. Dependent
47
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder
DSM-5?
7

A

Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation indicated by 4 or more of the following:

  1. Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact, because of fears of criticism, disapproval or rejection
  2. Unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked.
  3. Shows restraint with intimate relationships because of the bear of being shamed or ridiculed.
  4. Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations.
  5. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy.
  6. Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing or inferior to others.
  7. Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing.
48
Q

Differential Diagnosis for AVD?

2

A
  1. Social phobia
    - Co-morbid with APD
    - Fear of social situations
  2. Schizoid PD and Schizotypal PD
    - APD want to have relationships with others
    - Schizoid and Schizotypal prefer isolation
49
Q

Treatment of Avoidant PD

4

A
  1. CBT
  2. Group therapy
  3. Social skills training
  4. SSRI’s
50
Q

OCPD Criteria DSM-5

8

A

5 of 8

  1. Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost
  2. Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion
  3. Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships
  4. Is overconscientious, scrupulous and inflexible about morality, ethics, or values
  5. Unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value
  6. Reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things.
  7. Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others: money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes
  8. Rigid and stubborn
51
Q

Differential Diagnosis OCPD?

3

A
  1. Hoarding
    Extreme hoarding
  2. OCPD
    Orderliness, perfection and control. Treatment is psychotherapy.
3. OCD  
Recurrent obsessions (thoughts) or compulsions (act) that are recognized by the individual as unreasonable.  Treatment is medication and therapy.
52
Q

What are not present in OCPD?

A

Obsessions and compulsions are not present in OCPD.

53
Q

Treatment of OCPD

3

A
  1. They seek treatment due to anxiety attacks, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, or at the request of family members (Millon, 1996).
  2. CBT
  3. No research which medications work (Sperry, 2003)
54
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder
DSM 5
8

A

Five or more of the following:

  1. Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.
  2. Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life.
  3. Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval.
  4. Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own.
  5. Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant.
  6. Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for self.
  7. Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends.
  8. Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of self.
55
Q

Co-Morbidity of DPD

3

A
  1. Social phobia
  2. PTSD
  3. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
56
Q

Treatment of Dependent PD

3

A
  1. Medication for specific symptoms (usually on Axis I)
  2. CBT
  3. Psychodynamic
57
Q

Proposed Levels of Personality

Functioning: 5 levels

A

Self
1. Identity: Experience of oneself as unique, with clear boundaries between self and others; stability of self-esteem and accuracy of self appraisal; capacity for, and ability to regulate, a range of emotional experience.

  1. Self-direction: Pursuit of coherent and meaningful short-term and life goals; utilization of constructive and prosocial internal standards of behavior; ability to self-reflect productively.

Interpersonal:
3. Empathy: Comprehension and appreciation of others’ experiences and motivations; tolerance of differing perspectives; understanding of the effects of our behavior on others.

  1. Intimacy: Depth and duration of positive connections with others; desire and capacity for closeness; mutuality of regard reflected in interpersonal behavior.
0 = (Healthy Functioning)
1 = (Some Impairment)
2 = (Moderate Impairment)
3 = (Serious Impairment)
4 = (Extreme Impairment)
58
Q

Empathy = 0

3 traits

A
  1. Capable of accurately understanding others’ experiences and motivations in most situations.
  2. Comprehends and appreciates others’ perspectives, even if disagreeing.
  3. Is aware of the effect of own actions on others.
59
Q

Empathy = 4

3 traits

A
  1. Pronounced inability to consider and understand others’ experience and motivation.
  2. Attention to others’ perspectives virtually absent (attention is hypervigilant, focused on need-fulfillment and harm avoidance).
  3. Social interactions can be confusing and disorienting.
60
Q

Proposed General Diagnostic Criteria for PD: DSM 5

3

A

The essential features of a personality disorder are impairments in personality (self and interpersonal) functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits.

To diagnose a personality disorder, the following criteria must be met:
A. Significant impairments in self (identity or self-self direction) and interpersonal (empathy or intimacy) functioning
B. One or more pathological personality trait domain(s) or trait facet(s)
C. The impairments in personality functioning and the individual’s personality trait expression are relatively stable across time and consistent across situations

Behavioral Health (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions