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Clin Med III - Psych, Genetics > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Define general personality disorder

A
  • Enduring pattern of inner experience/behavior that deviates from cultural expectations (2 or more of cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control)
  • Stable over time
  • Leads to distress or impairment
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2
Q

Which personality disorders are MC in males?

A

Antisocial
Paranoid
Schizoid

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3
Q

Which personality disorders are MC in females?

A

Borderline
Histrionic
Dependent

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4
Q

How to differentiate personality traits from disorder?

A

Traits are flexible, adaptive, and do not cause functional, impairment/distress

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5
Q

How are Cluster A PDs characterized?

A

Odd or eccentric behavior

Cognitive distortions

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6
Q

How are Cluster B PDs characterized?

A

Overly emotional

Dramatic and unpredictable

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7
Q

How are Cluster C PDs characterized?

A

Anxious or fearful behavior

Avoids confrontation, withdrawn

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8
Q

Which types are Cluster A PDs?

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

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9
Q

Which types of personality disorders tend to become less evident with age?

A

Antisocial

Borderline

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10
Q

Which types of personality disorders tend to become more evident with age?

A

Obsessive compulsive

Schizotypal

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11
Q

How can someone be diagnosed with a personality disorder under the age of 18?

A

If features have been present for at least 1 year (EXCEPT antisocial PD)

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12
Q

Which PD cannot be diagnosed under the age of 18?

A

Antisocial

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13
Q

Describe paranoid PD

A
  • Cluster A
  • Distrust and suspicion of others
  • Males MC
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14
Q

Clinical presentation of paranoid PD

A
  • Difficult to get along with
  • Problem w/close relationships
  • Combative and suspicious
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15
Q

What factors increase the risk of paranoid PD?

A

Fam hx of schizophrenia, delusional disorder

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16
Q

How does childhood/adolescent paranoid PD present?

A

Poor peer relationships
Social anxiety
Underachievement in school
Tend to be teased

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17
Q

Describe schizoid PD

A
  • Cluster A
  • Detachment from social relationships
  • Restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings
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18
Q

How do schizoid PD patients present?

A
  • Socially isolated “loners”
  • Lack intimacy
  • Prefer mechanical/abstract tasks (computer games)
  • Indifferent to approval/criticism
  • Show little emotion
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19
Q

Who is MC affected by schizoid PD?

A
  • Males

- Fam hx of schizophrenia or schizotypal PD

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20
Q

Describe schizotypal PD

A
  • Cluster A
  • Reduced capacity for close relationships
  • Cognitive distortions
  • Eccentricities of behavior
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21
Q

How do schizotypal PD patients present?

A
  • Interpret things incorrectly with unusual meaning
  • Superstitious or preoccupied w/paranormal phenomena
  • Unusual mannerisms, unkempt dress
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22
Q

Who is MC affected by schizotypal PD?

A
  • Males

- Fam hx of schizophrenia in 1st degree relative

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23
Q

Over 50% of schizotypal PD cases have:

A

History of at least 1 major depressive episode

24
Q

Which types of PD are Cluster B?

A

Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic

25
Q

Describe antisocial PD

A
  • Cluster B
  • Disregard for and violation of the rights of others
  • Demonstrates at least 3 listed symptoms since 15 yo (conduct disorder)
  • Must be 18 yo to diagnose
26
Q

What is antisocial PD also known as?

A

“Psychopath” or “sociopath”

27
Q

Clinical presentation of antisocial PD

A
  • Failure to conform to social norms
  • Deceitful, reckless disregard
  • Serious violations of rules
  • Lack empathy
  • Superficial charm
28
Q

Which patients are more likely than the general population to die at a young age d/t violence?

A

Antisocial PD patients

29
Q

What conditions are commonly associated with antisocial PD?

A
  • Depression, anxiety
  • Substance abuse
  • Gambling disorder
30
Q

Who is MC affected by antisocial PD?

A
  • Males
  • Family hx and low socioeconomic status
  • Highest prevalence in males with ETOH disorder and from substance abuse clinics or prisons
31
Q

Describe borderline PD

A
  • Cluster B

- Marked impulsivity in 5 or more contexts

32
Q

Clinical presentation of borderline PD

A
  • Avoid abandonment, rejection
  • Unstable and intense relationships
  • Sudden and dramatic shifts in self-image, moods
33
Q

Who is MC affected by borderline PD?

A
  • Females (75%)
  • Hx of childhood sexual, physical and/or emotional abuse
  • 5x MC among 1st degree relatives
34
Q

What conditions occur MC in families with borderline PD?

A

Bipolar and MDD

35
Q

Describe histrionic PD

A
  • Cluster B

- Excessive emotionality and attention seeking in 5 or more contexts

36
Q

How do histrionic PD patients present?

A
  • Want to be life of the party and if they aren’t, they do something dramatic
  • Wants to impress others
  • Fish for compliments
37
Q

Describe narcissistic PD

A
  • Cluster B

- Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy in 5 or more contexts

38
Q

Clinical presentation of narcissistic PD

A
  • Grandiose, need for admiration
  • Lack of empathy
  • Sense of entitlement
  • Very sensitive to criticism
39
Q

What are Cluster C PDs?

A
  • Avoidant
  • Dependent
  • Obsessive Compulsive
40
Q

Describe avoidant PD

A
  • Cluster C

- Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitive to criticism

41
Q

Clinical presentation of avoidant PD

A
  • Often decline job promotions (fear)
  • Avoid making new friends unless certain they would be liked
  • Interpersonal intimacy is difficult
  • Low self esteem
42
Q

Who is MC affected by avoidant PD?

A
  • Males = females

- Starts in infancy or childhood, but cautious diagnosis that young

43
Q

Describe dependent PD

A
  • Cluster C

- Excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation

44
Q

Clinical presentation of dependent PD

A
  • Believe they can’t function on their own
  • Passive, lack self-confidence
  • Feel helpless when left alone
  • Pessimistic
45
Q

What condition does dependent PD often co-occur with?

A

Cluster B PD

46
Q

Who is MC affected by dependent PD?

A

Females

47
Q

Describe obsessive compulsive PD

A
  • Cluster C

- Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, control

48
Q

Clinical presentation of obsessive compulsive PD

A
  • Increased need for sense of control
  • Prone to repetition, attention to detail, checking for mistakes
  • Oblivious to others who get annoyed with their behavior
  • Reject help, do not break rules
49
Q

Why is PD difficult to treat?

A

Patients don’t even realize they have a problem/condition

50
Q

Treatment of Cluster A PD

A
  • Psychotherapy (individual or group)

- Group/family therapy

51
Q

Treatment of Cluster B PD

A
  • Psychotherapy (individual/CBT)
  • Community programs (esp antisocial, decreases criminal behavior)
  • Psychopharm for borderline (Li, CBZ, VA, atypical antipsychotics, SSRIs)
52
Q

What helps to decrease criminal behavior in antisocial PD patients?

A

Community programs

53
Q

Which Cluster B PD can be treated with psychopharm?

A

Borderline PD - Li, CBZ, VA, atypical antipsychotics, SSRIs

54
Q

Treatment of avoidant PD

A
  • SSRIs, MAOIs, Buspirone, B blockers (social phobias)

- Psychotherapy

55
Q

Treatment of dependent PD

A
  • SSRIs and TCAs (help for anxiety, fatigue, malaise)

- Psychotherapy

56
Q

Treatment of obsessive compulsive PD

A
  • Psychopharm not shown to be effective (but SSRIs or clomipramine may help decrease ritualizing)
  • Psychotherapy

Clin Med III - Psych, Genetics (9 decks)

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