Personality Disorders Flashcards
Personality Disorders
match the characteristics with the correct cluster: A, B, or C
A) dramatic, emotional, or erratic
B) anxiety & fearfulness
C) odd or eccenttric behavior
A) Cluster B
B) Cluster C
C) Cluster A
Personality Disorders
which personality disorder cannot be diagnosed prior to 18 years old?
antisocial personality disorder
Personality Disorders
general duration criteria for all personality disorders
symptoms present for at least 1 year
Personality Disorders
this personality disorder criteria includes the following:
* pervasive pattern of distrust & suspiciousness and interpreting others’ motives as malevolent
* distrust of and/or reluctance to confide in others
* misinterpreting remarks as demeaning and/or perceiving attachs on character & reputation
* holding grudges and/or quick angry reactions & counterattacks
* suspecting infidelity
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders
this personality disorder criteria includes:
* pattern of detachment from social relationships & restricted emotional expression in interpersonal settings
* lack of close friends, no desire for/enjoyment from relationships and/or little to no interest in sexual relationships
* preference for solitary activities and/or lack of pleasure in activities
* flat affect, emotionally detached, and/or indifferent to praise or criticism
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders
this personality disorder criteria includes:
* excessive social anxiety & lack of close friends
* pattern of social & interpersonal deficity, acute discomfort with & reduced capacity for close relationships, cognitive distortions, and behavioral eccentricities
* ideas of reference, odd beliefs, or magical thinking
* bodily illusions, unusual perceptions, or suspicious/paradoid ideation
* odd thinking & speech or peculiarities in behavior or appearance
* inappropriate or constricted affect
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Personality Disoders
these 3 personality disorders all involve a lack of close relationships, but people with ____ personality disorder desire close relationships yet tend to avoid them out of fear of being criticized or rejected, while people with ____ personality disorder tend to express unhappiness about their lack of relationships yet act in ways that suggest a lack of interest (e.g., only interact with others when necessary), and people with ____ personality disorder do not derive pleasure from relationships and therefore have a limited desire to for close connections with others
- avoidant
- schizotypal
- schizoid
Personality Disorder
this personality disorder criteria involves:
* pattern of disregard for & violation of the rights of others, must be present since 15 years old, and cannot be diagnosed until 18 years old
* deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, and/or aggression
* reckless disregard for safety of self & others
* failure to conform to social norms and/or consistent irresponsibility
* general lack of remorse
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders
describe the severity and prognosis of antisocial personality disorder
severity is typically chronic with symptoms often becoming less severe or remitting later in life (esp. criminal behavior)
Personality Disorders
list the 4 most common comorbid disorders with antisocial personality disorder, in order from most to least prevalent/common
1) substance use disorder
2) a mood disorder
3) borderline personality disorder
4) an anxiety disorder
Personality Disorders
first-line treatment for antisocial personality disorder & barriers to treatment
first-line treatment:
no consistent empirical support for any treatment in reducing core characteristics, but some evidence supports:
- group CBT for reducing offending rates
- contingency management for reinforcing desirable behaviors
- medication for reducing comorbid SUDs
barriers to treatment:
most difficulty disorder to treat
- don’t believe they have a problem & rarely seek treatment
Personality Disorders
this personality disorder criteria includes:
* pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, & affect and marked impulsivity
* avoidance of abandonment and/or unstable & intense relationships with fluctuations between idealization & devaluation
* identity disturbances (esp. sense of self)
* recurrent suicide threats or self-mutilating behavior
* affective instability, chronic feelings of emptiness, and/or inappropriate intense anger
* transient stress-related paranoid ideation and/or severe dissociative symptoms
Borderline Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders
onset & course of symptoms for borderline personality disorder
late adolescence
* more severe symotoms in early adulthood
75% no longer meet full criteria by age 40
* decreased symptom severity with aging
Personality Disorders
first-line treatment for borderline personality disorder
DBT
Personality Disorders
this personality disorder criteria includes:
* pattern of excessive emotionality & attention-seeking behaviors
* uncomfortable when not the center of attention
* using physical appearance to gain attention and/or inappropriately sexually seductive/provactive
* rapidly shifting & shallow emotions and/or exaggerated expression of emotion
* speech that is excessively impressionistic & lacking in detail
* easily influenced by others and/or considers relationships to be more intimate than they are
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders
list 6 shared features between antisocial & histrionic PD
- impulsivity, recklessness, & excitement seeking
- superficial, manipulative, & seductive
Personality Disorders
describe the differences in motivation for manipulation between antisocial vs. histrionic PD
antisocial
* manipulative to gain power or material gratification
histrionic
* manipulative to gain nurturance & exaggerated emotions
Personality Disorders
this personality disorder criteria includes:
* pattern of grandiosity, need for attention, & lack of empathy
* grandiose sense of self, believes they are unique & only understood by special or high-status people, need for excessive admiration, and/or sense of entitlement
* preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, beauty, & love
* interpersonally exploitative, lacks empathy, envious of others or believes others are envious of them, and/or arrogant
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders
this personality disorder criteria includes:
* pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, & hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
* avoidance of interpersonal contact out of fear of criticism, disapproval, or rejection, restraint in intimate relationships due to intense fear of being ridiculed, & a need to be certain that others will like them
* preoccupation with potential to be criticized or rejected in social situations, inhibited in new relationships due to feelings of inadequacy, & reluctance to engage in new activities out of fear of embarrassment
* views self as socially inept, unappealing, or inferior to others
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders
this personality disorder criteria includes:
* pervasive & excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive & clinging behaviors and fear of separation
* difficulty making everyday decision, difficulty doing things alone, and/or uncomfortable or helpless when alone
* needs others to assume responsibility for most areas of life, urgently seeks another relationship when a close one ends, and/or excessive efforts to obtain nurturance & support
* avoids disagreeing with others due to fear of losing support/approval and/or intense preoccupation with and fear of being left to care for themselves
Dependent Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders
this personality disorder criteria includes:
* pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, & mental or interpersonal control that severely limits flexibility, opennes, & efficiency
* preoccupied with details, rules, & schedules, perfectionism, and/or rigidity & stubbornness that interferes with task completion
* excessive devotion to work & productivity and/or reluctance to delegate work to others leading to exclusion of leisure activities
* overly conscientious, scrupulous, & inflexible about morality, ethics, or values and/or miserly spending style toward self & others
* unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects (even without sentimental value)
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
(main difference from OCD) OCPD does not involve obsessions or compulsions
