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PSYO2220 (adult psychopathology) > personality disorders > Flashcards

personality disorders Flashcards

1
Q

are personality disorders treatable?

A

usually - up to 60% drop in symptoms after 15 months for some disorders

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2
Q

what are the categories of personality disorders?

A

cluster A
cluster B
cluster C

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3
Q

what is cluster A defined as?

A

odd and eccentric

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4
Q

what is cluster B defined as?

A

dramatic and turbulent

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5
Q

what is cluster C defined as?

A

anxious and fearful

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6
Q

what is the defining trait of paranoid PD?

A

highly suspicious without cause

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7
Q

what are some secondary symptoms of paranoid PD?

A

aggressive, violent, suicidal, stubborn, sensitive

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8
Q

what are the theorized causes of paranoid PD?

A

psychodynamic - interactions with demanding parents
cognitive - maladaptive assumptions
biological - genetics

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9
Q

how is paranoid PD treated?

A

cbt - challenge paranoid assumptions

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10
Q

what is the defining trait of schizoid PD?

A

detachment from relationships

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11
Q

what are secondary symptoms of schizoid PD?

A

social deficiencies, limited emotional expression

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12
Q

what are some potential causes of schizoid PD?

A

neglect, abuse, extreme childhood shyness, low density dopamine receptors

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13
Q

how is schizoid PD treated?

A

social skills training (role play)

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14
Q

what is the defining trait of schizotypal PD?

A

cognitive impairments and socially isolated

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15
Q

what are some secondary symtpoms of schizotypal PD?

A

paranoia, strange perceptual experiences, and magical thinking

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16
Q

what are some potential causes of schizotypal PD?

A

genetics, left hemisphere damage, abnormalities in semantic association

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17
Q

how is schizotypal PD treated?

A

antipsychotics, cbt, social skills training

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18
Q

what is the defining trait of antisocial PD?

A

aggressive criminals with no empathy or remorse

19
Q

what are the neurological symptoms of antisocial PD?

A

low baseline skin conductance (fearless) and no neurological response to upsetting images

20
Q

what are some potential causes/risk factors for antisocial PD?

A

boys with ADHD and conduct disorder
low SES
harsh discipline
abuse
lack of affection

21
Q

what are some theorized causes of antisocial PD?

A

abnormal levels of cortical arousal
fear deficit
weak inhibition/strong reward system
underdeveloped cortices
deficient MAOA

22
Q

what is the defining trait of BPD?

A

impulsive and unstable people with very little sense of self

23
Q

what are some secondary symptoms of BPD?

A

self harm, reactivity, pscyhosis

24
Q

what are theorized causes of BPD?

A

cultural upheaval, childhood abuse/neglect, genetics

25
Q

what is Linehan’s diathesis-stress model?

A

an overly emotional child combined with invalidating and dismissive caregivers creates BPD

26
Q

how is BPD treated?

A

antipsychotics and antidepressants (controversial in outpatient) and DBT

27
Q

what is the defining trait of histrionic PD?

A

dramatic attention seekers who need to be the center of attention

28
Q

what are some secondary symptoms of histrionic PD?

A

superficiality, impulsiveness, reassurance seeking, dichotomous thinking

29
Q

what are the potential causes of histrionic PD?

A

feeling unloved and not given attention in childhood

30
Q

how is histrionic PD treated?

A

cbt, focuses on teaching wants vs needs, improving relationships, and challenging beliefs of helplessness

31
Q

what is the defining trait of narcissistic PD?

A

grandiose and egotistical view of oneself

32
Q

what are secondary symptoms of narcissistic PD?

A

depression, lack of empathy, arrogance

33
Q

what are the theorized causes of narcissistic PD?

A

psychodynamic - cold unfeeling abusive parents
cognitive-behavioural - parents who idolize children
sociocultural - “eras of narcissism”

34
Q

how is narcissistic PD treated?

A

cbt to teach coping skills, guide empathy, treat depression

35
Q

what is the defining trait of avoidant PD?

A

extreme social anxiety

36
Q

what are the secondary symptoms of avoidant PD?

A

pessimistic about future, fear of taking risks/rejection, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity

37
Q

what are potential causes of avoidant PD?

A

genetics, parental rejection, social trauma

38
Q

how is avoidant PD treated?

A

social skills training, desensitization, rehearsal

39
Q

what is the defining trait of dependent PD?

A

interpersonal dependency with a lack of autonomy

40
Q

what are secondary symptoms of dependent PD?

A

fear of separation, over-sensitivity to criticism, reassurance seeking

41
Q

what are theorised causes of dependent PD?

A

behaviourist - parents rewarded clinginess and punished independence
cognitive - childhood rejection and criticism
object-relations - early parental loss

42
Q

how is dependent PD treated?

A

cbt to increase confidence and responsibility

43
Q

what is the defining trait of OCPD?

A

preoccupation with control and dichotomous thinking

44
Q

what are secondary symptoms of OCPD?

A

low self-awareness, perfectionism, overly critical, stubborn, sensitive to critiscism

PSYO2220 (adult psychopathology) (3 decks)

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