personality disorders

Question 1

are personality disorders treatable?

Answer 1

usually - up to 60% drop in symptoms after 15 months for some disorders

Question 2

what are the categories of personality disorders?

Answer 2

cluster A
cluster B
cluster C

Question 3

what is cluster A defined as?

Answer 3

odd and eccentric

Question 4

what is cluster B defined as?

Answer 4

dramatic and turbulent

Question 5

what is cluster C defined as?

Answer 5

anxious and fearful

Question 6

what is the defining trait of paranoid PD?

Answer 6

highly suspicious without cause

Question 7

what are some secondary symptoms of paranoid PD?

Answer 7

aggressive, violent, suicidal, stubborn, sensitive

Question 8

what are the theorized causes of paranoid PD?

Answer 8

psychodynamic - interactions with demanding parents
cognitive - maladaptive assumptions
biological - genetics

Question 9

how is paranoid PD treated?

Answer 9

cbt - challenge paranoid assumptions

Question 10

what is the defining trait of schizoid PD?

Answer 10

detachment from relationships

Question 11

what are secondary symptoms of schizoid PD?

Answer 11

social deficiencies, limited emotional expression

Question 12

what are some potential causes of schizoid PD?

Answer 12

neglect, abuse, extreme childhood shyness, low density dopamine receptors

Question 13

how is schizoid PD treated?

Answer 13

social skills training (role play)

Question 14

what is the defining trait of schizotypal PD?

Answer 14

cognitive impairments and socially isolated

Question 15

what are some secondary symtpoms of schizotypal PD?

Answer 15

paranoia, strange perceptual experiences, and magical thinking

Question 16

what are some potential causes of schizotypal PD?

Answer 16

genetics, left hemisphere damage, abnormalities in semantic association

Question 17

how is schizotypal PD treated?

Answer 17

antipsychotics, cbt, social skills training

Question 18

what is the defining trait of antisocial PD?

Answer 18

aggressive criminals with no empathy or remorse

Question 19

what are the neurological symptoms of antisocial PD?

Answer 19

low baseline skin conductance (fearless) and no neurological response to upsetting images

Question 20

what are some potential causes/risk factors for antisocial PD?

Answer 20

boys with ADHD and conduct disorder
low SES
harsh discipline
abuse
lack of affection

Question 21

what are some theorized causes of antisocial PD?

Answer 21

abnormal levels of cortical arousal
fear deficit
weak inhibition/strong reward system
underdeveloped cortices
deficient MAOA

Question 22

what is the defining trait of BPD?

Answer 22

impulsive and unstable people with very little sense of self

Question 23

what are some secondary symptoms of BPD?

Answer 23

self harm, reactivity, pscyhosis

Question 24

what are theorized causes of BPD?

Answer 24

cultural upheaval, childhood abuse/neglect, genetics

Question 25

what is Linehan's diathesis-stress model?

Answer 25

an overly emotional child combined with invalidating and dismissive caregivers creates BPD

Question 26

how is BPD treated?

Answer 26

antipsychotics and antidepressants (controversial in outpatient) and DBT

Question 27

what is the defining trait of histrionic PD?

Answer 27

dramatic attention seekers who need to be the center of attention

Question 28

what are some secondary symptoms of histrionic PD?

Answer 28

superficiality, impulsiveness, reassurance seeking, dichotomous thinking

Question 29

what are the potential causes of histrionic PD?

Answer 29

feeling unloved and not given attention in childhood

Question 30

how is histrionic PD treated?

Answer 30

cbt, focuses on teaching wants vs needs, improving relationships, and challenging beliefs of helplessness

Question 31

what is the defining trait of narcissistic PD?

Answer 31

grandiose and egotistical view of oneself

Question 32

what are secondary symptoms of narcissistic PD?

Answer 32

depression, lack of empathy, arrogance

Question 33

what are the theorized causes of narcissistic PD?

Answer 33

psychodynamic - cold unfeeling abusive parents cognitive-behavioural - parents who idolize children sociocultural - "eras of narcissism"

Question 34

how is narcissistic PD treated?

Answer 34

cbt to teach coping skills, guide empathy, treat depression

Question 35

what is the defining trait of avoidant PD?

Answer 35

extreme social anxiety

Question 36

what are the secondary symptoms of avoidant PD?

Answer 36

pessimistic about future, fear of taking risks/rejection, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity

Question 37

what are potential causes of avoidant PD?

Answer 37

genetics, parental rejection, social trauma

Question 38

how is avoidant PD treated?

Answer 38

social skills training, desensitization, rehearsal

Question 39

what is the defining trait of dependent PD?

Answer 39

interpersonal dependency with a lack of autonomy

Question 40

what are secondary symptoms of dependent PD?

Answer 40

fear of separation, over-sensitivity to criticism, reassurance seeking

Question 41

what are theorised causes of dependent PD?

Answer 41

behaviourist - parents rewarded clinginess and punished independence cognitive - childhood rejection and criticism object-relations - early parental loss

Question 42

how is dependent PD treated?

Answer 42

cbt to increase confidence and responsibility

Question 43

what is the defining trait of OCPD?

Answer 43

preoccupation with control and dichotomous thinking

Question 44

what are secondary symptoms of OCPD?

Answer 44

low self-awareness, perfectionism, overly critical, stubborn, sensitive to critiscism