Personality disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality disorders definition

A

series of maladaptive personality traits that interfere with normal function in life. It is thought that around 1 in 20 people have a personality disorder

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2
Q

Personality disorders can be divided into 3 clusters: name all the disorders in each cluster

A
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3
Q

Paranoid personality description

A
  • Hypersensitivity and an unforgiving attitude when insulted
  • Unwarranted tendency to questions the loyalty of friends
  • Reluctance to confide in others
  • Preoccupation with conspirational beliefs and hidden meaning
  • Unwarranted tendency to perceive attacks on their character
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4
Q

Schizoid personality description

A
  • Indifference to praise and criticism
  • Preference for solitary activities
  • Lack of interest in sexual interactions
  • Lack of desire for companionship
  • Emotional coldness
  • Few interests
  • Few friends or confidants other than family
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5
Q

Schizotypal personality description

A
  • Ideas of reference (differ from delusions in that some insight is retained)
  • Odd beliefs and magical thinking
  • Unusual perceptual disturbances
  • Paranoid ideation and suspiciousness
  • Odd, eccentric behaviour
  • Lack of close friends other than family members
  • Inappropriate affect
  • Odd speech without being incoherent
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6
Q

Antisocial personality description

A
  • Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviours as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest;
  • More common in men;
  • Deception, as indicated by repeatedly lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure;
  • Impulsiveness or failure to plan ahead;
  • Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults;
  • Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others;
  • Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behaviour or honour financial obligations;
  • Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another
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6
Q

Borderline - also known as Emotionally Unstable personality description

A
  • Efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
  • Unstable interpersonal relationships which alternate between idealization and devaluation
  • Unstable self image
  • Impulsivity in potentially self damaging area (e.g. Spending, sex, substance abuse)
  • Recurrent suicidal behaviour
  • Affective instability
  • Chronic feelings of emptiness
  • Difficulty controlling temper
  • Quasi psychotic thoughts
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7
Q

Histrionic personality description

A
  • Inappropriate sexual seductiveness
  • Need to be the centre of attention
  • Rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions
  • Suggestibility
  • Physical appearance used for attention seeking purposes
  • Impressionistic speech lacking detail
  • Self dramatization
  • Relationships considered to be more intimate than they are
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8
Q

Narcissistic personality description

A
  • Grandiose sense of self importance
  • Preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, or beauty
  • Sense of entitlement
  • Taking advantage of others to achieve own needs
  • Lack of empathy
  • Excessive need for admiration
  • Chronic envy
  • Arrogant and haughty attitude
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9
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality description

A
  • Is occupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or agenda to the point that the key part of the activity is gone
  • Demonstrates perfectionism that hampers with completing tasks
  • Is extremely dedicated to work and efficiency to the elimination of spare time activities
  • Is meticulous, scrupulous, and rigid about etiquettes of morality, ethics, or values
  • Is not capable of disposing worn out or insignificant things even when they have no sentimental meaning
  • Is unwilling to pass on tasks or work with others except if they surrender to exactly their way of doing things
  • Takes on a stingy spending style towards self and others; and shows stiffness and stubbornness
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10
Q

Avoidant personality description

A
  • Avoidance of occupational activities which involve significant interpersonal contact due to fears of criticism, or rejection.
  • Unwillingness to be involved unless certain of being liked
  • Preoccupied with ideas that they are being criticised or rejected in social situations
  • Restraint in intimate relationships due to the fear of being ridiculed
  • Reluctance to take personal risks due to fears of embarrassment
  • Views self as inept and inferior to others
  • Social isolation accompanied by a craving for social contact
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11
Q

Dependent personality description

A
  • Difficulty making everyday decisions without excessive reassurance from others
  • Need for others to assume responsibility for major areas of their life
  • Difficulty in expressing disagreement with others due to fears of losing support
  • Lack of initiative
  • Unrealistic fears of being left to care for themselves
  • Urgent search for another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends
  • Extensive efforts to obtain support from others
  • Unrealistic feelings that they cannot care for themselves
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12
Q

Management of personality disorders

A
  • psychological therapies: dialectical behaviour therapy
  • treatment of any coexisting psychiatric conditions
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