Personality Disorder Flashcards
Dialectical behaviour therapy is an effective treatment for?
BPD.
Treatment for personality disorders?
Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT).
CBT.
Cognitive analytical therapy (CAT).
Treatment of co-existing psychiatric conditions.
At what age can a personality disorder be diagnosed?
After the age of 18 (with exception of BPD).
Define personality disorder
Pervasive pattern of behaviour and undesirable personality traits which causes the individual long-term difficulties in their interpersonal relationships and functioning in society.
Which psychiatric co-morbidities are associated with borderline PD?
Depression, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD, substance misuse, bipolar disorder.
Which PD are more common in females?
Borderline, histrionic and dependent.
Which are the most prevalent PD?
Borderline, antisocial and schizotypal.
Define personality
Collection of characteristics/traits that an individual has developed as they grow up and make them an individual.
What contributes to personality development?
Genetics, childhood experiences (trauma, attachment disorder, early life adversity).
Describe the criteria for personality disorder
Persistent, pervasive and pathological.
Impacts on relationships and emotional regulation.
Appears in childhood/adolescence and continues into adulthood.
Not directly resulting from disease, damage or other insult to brain, or from another psychiatric disorder.
It causes personal distress.
It is an extreme/significant deviation from the way an average indivisible thinks, feels and behaves.
What is cluster A and which PD are included?
Odd/eccentric.
Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal.
What is cluster B and which PD are included?
Dramatic, emotional/erratic.
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic.
What is cluster C and which PD are included?
Anxious and fearful.
Obsessive-compulsive, avoidant, dependent.
Describe the main characteristics of paranoid PD
Hypersensitive and unforgiving.
Reluctance to confide in others.
Conspiracy theories.
Suspicious.
Describe the main characteristics of schizoid PD
Indifference to praise and criticism.
Preference for solitary activities.
Lack of interest in sexual interactions.
Emotional coldness.
Few interest and friends.
Describe the main characteristics of schizotypal PD
Odd beliefs and magical thinking.
Odd, eccentric behaviour.
Lack of close friends.
Social anxiety.
Describe the main characteristics of antisocial PD
Failure to conform or social norms, repeatedly performing crimes.
Deception.
Irritability and aggression.
Reckless disregard for safety.
Lack of remorse.
Blames others.
Is antisocial PD more common in men or women?
Men
Describe the main characteristics of borderline PD
Unstable interpersonal relationships.
Unstable self-image.
Impulsivity.
Recurrent suicidal behaviour.
Affect inability.
Chronic feelings of emptiness.
Difficulty controlling temper.
Describe the main characteristics of histrionic PD
Inappropriate sexual seductiveness.
Need to be centre of attention.
Shallow expression of emotions.
Suggestibility.
Appearance focused.
Impressionistic and vague speech.
Describe the main characteristics of narcissistic PD
Grandiose.
Fantasies of unlimited success, power or beauty.
Sense of entitlement.
Taking advantage of others.
Lack of empathy.
Excessive need for admiration and attention.
Chronic envy.
Arrogant.
Describe the main characteristics of obsessive-compulsive PD
Occupied with details, rules, lists, order, organisation or agenda.
Perfectionist.
Meticulous, scrupulous and rigid.
Unwilling to pass on tasks or work with others except if they surrender to exactly their way of doing things.
Stiffness and stubbornness.
Describe the main characteristics of avoidant PD
Fears of criticism/rejection so avoids social/occupational activities.
Restraint in intimate relationships due to fear of being ridiculed.
Embarrassment prevents new activity/risk taking.
Views self as inept and inferior.
Social isolation with craving for social contact.
Describe the main characteristics of dependent PD
Excessive reassurance before making decisions.
Life responsibility assumed by others.
Difficulties expressing disagreement.
Companionship sought urgently when relationship ends.
Fear of abandonment.
Feels hopeless when alone.
What are the 4 skills taught in DBT?
Mindfulness.
Distress tolerance.
Interpersonal effectiveness.
Emotional regulation.
What is cognitive analytic therapy (CAT)?
Explores how a person thinks, feels and acts with regards to their past experiences. Helps understand personal and emotional development.
What are the prominent trait features in ICD-11 classification of PD?
Negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, dissociality, anankastia, borderline.
