Personality Chapter 12

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Patterns of though and behaviour that makes a person react to a certain situation in relatively consistent ways

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

Pre existing disposition that causes the behaviour or the motivation that guides that behaviour

Question 3

Secondary Traits

Answer 3

characteristics that relevant in only certain contexts

Question 4

Central Traits

Answer 4

general dispositions that describe a person

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

the source of bodily needs, wants, desires and impulses

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

developed through contact with the external worlds, enables us to deal with lifes particular demands

Question 7

Superego

Answer 7

mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority

Question 8

The Big Five Factor Model

Answer 8

Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 9

Openness

Answer 9

tendency to seek out new experiences and ideas

Question 10

Conscientiousness

Answer 10

wish to do ones work or duty well and throughly

Question 11

Extraversion

Answer 11

people who are outgoing, sociable and energetic

Question 12

Agreeableness

Answer 12

someone who is kind, polite and cooperative

Question 13

Neuroticism

Answer 13

tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, worry and anger

Question 14

Defence mechanisms

Answer 14

unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses

Question 15

Repression

Answer 15

the ego keeps unwanted feelings, thoughts and memories below the level of conscious awareness

Question 16

Denial

Answer 16

the ego prevents the percepetion of a painful or threatening feeling as it is occuring

Question 17

Projection

Answer 17

people, instead of acknowledging it in themselves, see others as possessing a disliked trait or feeling

Question 18

Displacement

Answer 18

the ego redirects the aggressive impulses of the Id from their intended targets to more defenceless targets (scapegoat)

Question 19

Objective test

Answer 19

self report by using multiple choice/ forced choice questions

Question 20

Projective test

Answer 20

using ambiguos stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal inner aspects of individuals personality

Question 21

Social Cognitive Approach

Answer 21

how the person thinks about their situations and then behaves in response to them

Question 22

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 22

a persons behaviour is influenced by their personal characteristics, environment and their own actions

Question 23

Internal locus of control

Answer 23

belief that a person has control over their own life and outcomes

Question 24

Humanistic Approach

Answer 24

focus on how healthy choices create personality

Question 25

Flow

Answer 25

it feels go to do things that challenge your abilities but does not challenge them too much

Question 26

Self Determination Theory

Answer 26

success is most likely to be achieved when persons environments support 3 motivations - Competence - Relatedness - Autonomy

Question 27

Self Concept

Answer 27

the broad network of mental representations that a person has about themselves

Question 28

Self Esteem

Answer 28

extent to which an individual like, values and accepts themself

Question 29

Independent

Answer 29

a notion of the self as a bounded and stable entity that is distinct from others

Question 30

Interdependent

Answer 30

a notion of the self as defined by ones connections to other people

Question 31

Stability and change of personality traits

Answer 31

traits tend to remain consistent throughout a persons life but significant events can lead to changes over time

Question 32

Heritability of personality traits

Answer 32

estimates personality traits range around 40 to 50 percent