Personality: approaches

Question 1

personality psychology

Answer 1

studies those things about a person that remain somewhat stable throughout situations. More than individual differences

Question 2

social psychology

Answer 2

examines effect of a situation on a person

Question 3

clinical approach’s focus

Answer 3

systematic, in-depth research of individuals

Question 4

Clinical approach’s method

Answer 4

self-report, observation

Question 5

Clinical approach significant researchers

Answer 5

Charcot, Janet, Morton Prince, Freud, Murray

Question 6

Charcot studied Hysteria brought on or alleviated with hypnosis. what is hysteria?

Answer 6

symptom that has no biological basis. Ex. legs stop working but nervous system is intact. so the cure is Hypnosis

Question 7

What did Janet from clinical approach studied

Answer 7

disassociation of personality, multiple personality

Question 8

what did Freud studied

Answer 8

tried to explain hysteria
Freud theories were generated from his clinical practice
influential theories:
- topographic model, conscious, unconscious
- drive (instinct) model: libido, aggressiveness
- structural model: id, ego, superego
- developmental: psychosexual consist of oral anal etc

Question 9

strength of clinical approach

Answer 9

• considers functioning of whole person
• does not assume that everyone has the same degree of insight into their own functioning as self-report questionnaires measures do
• generate new hypothesis

Question 10

drawbacks of clinical approach

Answer 10

• difficult to confirm observation
• difficult to formulate lab-style hypotheses
• hard to replicate w/ questionnaires

Question 11

focus of correlational approaches, assumptions and aim

Answer 11

focus is to establish association between set of measures, not studying a person as a whole but relationship between elements

assume trait is a fundamental unit of personality

aim is to sought periodic table of personality

Question 12

correlational approach method

Answer 12

self-report

Question 13

correlational approach significant researchers

Answer 13

Francis Galton 
Allport 
Cattell
Eysenck 
Costa & McCrae: big 5

Question 14

correlational approach strength

Answer 14

restrict self-report to set items and ask is this you?
easy to use for large groups, cost effective
compare individual score to the norms; population

Question 15

correlational approach drawbacks

Answer 15

correlatIon does not equal causation

Question 16

focus of experimental approach

Answer 16

manipulation of variables

not so much individual differences as general laws

Question 17

methods experimental approach

Answer 17

experimental manipulation

Question 18

experimental approach significant researchers

Answer 18

Wundt: science of immediate experience, phenomenal consciousness (changes in stimuli influence changes in experience)
Ebbinghaus: laws of memory
pavlov: experimental neurosis
Watson: emotional reaction conditioned in children
Hull: stimulus response
Skinner: operant conditioning

Question 19

strength experimental approach

Answer 19

close to scientific ideal

no need to worry about subject truths

Question 20

weakness experimental approach

Answer 20

can you bring important features into lab?
not in the context of whole person
experiment is social situation
participants bring expectations into lab