Personality and Psychological Assessment Ch: 15

Question 1

What is the psychological core?

Answer 1

a persons basic personality, unchanging over time.

Question 2

What is the peripheral states?

Answer 2

aspects of a persons basic personality that are constantly fluxing.

Question 3

What is personality?

Answer 3

dynamic interaction between core traits and peripheral states.

Question 4

How does Hollander define personality?

Answer 4

psychological core, typical responses, and role related behaviors.

Question 5

What are typical responses?

Answer 5

predictable behaviors in response to daily events that are slightly less entrenched than core traits.

Question 6

What are role-related behaviors?

Answer 6

the most superficial, and therefore malleable aspect of the personality.

Question 7

What is the constitutional theory?

Answer 7

Sheldon’s theory of somatotypes or basic body types, that predict personality.

Question 8

What is the psychobiological theory?

Answer 8

Dishman’s theory that biological factors interact with psychological variables to produce and index of exercise compliance.

Question 9

What behaviors are most susceptible to be influenced by the social environment?

Answer 9

Role Related Behaviors

Question 10

What are the six theories of personality?

Answer 10

Biological, psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, trait, and interactional.

Question 11

What is an ectomorph?

Answer 11

Characterized by leanness and angularity of build, responds with a high level of activity, tension, and introversion.

Question 12

What is a mesomorph?

Answer 12

Very muscular and athletic responding to environmental stimuli with aggression, risk taking, and leadership.

Question 13

What is an endomorph?

Answer 13

A rounder body type that reacts behaviorally with joviality, generosity, affection, and social ability.

Question 14

What is Dishman’s contention?

Answer 14

Those biological factors, such as body composition, interact with psychological variables like motivation, to produce an index of exercise compliance.

Question 15

What is psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 15

Freud’s controversial theory that if human behavior is basically unregulated and we are left to our own devices, we would be self-destructive.

Question 16

What is the psychoanalytic theory based on?

Answer 16

The intrapsychic model focussed on pessimism and pathology.

Question 17

What is the intrapsychic model?

Answer 17

Freud’s separation of the personality into three components- id, ego, and superego-that constantly compete for dominance over our psyche.

Question 18

If an individual’s Id wins is the most dominant, what kind of person are they?

Answer 18

a thrill seeker in constant search of pleasure.

Question 19

If an individual’s super ego wins is the most dominant, what kind of person are they?

Answer 19

a dogmatic moralist or a rule follower.

Question 20

If an individual’s can balance super ego and Id, what kind of person are they?

Answer 20

a mix of the pleasure seeking id and non moralistic superego called ego.

Question 21

Why does the Freudian psychoanalytic model have a limit for sports psychologist?

Answer 21

sport participants aren’t different from the average individual in their psychological issues.

Question 22

Which model contradicts Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 22

the humanistic model, a belief that human nature is basically good and based on free choice we have the ability to change and grow

Question 23

WHat are the three humanistic philosophers?

Answer 23

Rousseau, Maslow, and Rogers.

Question 24

With Freud’s psychoanalytic model, how are bad impulses monitored?

Answer 24

laws, rules, and customs.

Question 25

With this monitoring of psychoanalytic behavior who is to blame if a person doesn't turnout?

Answer 25

society

Question 26

How does a humanist view society?

Answer 26

the strictness has the potential to be a corrupting force; a person turns out bad because society interfered in some way.

Question 27

What does Roger's focus on?

Answer 27

maximum adjustment for a fully functioning person.

Question 28

What is Maslow's idea of self-actualization?

Answer 28

someone who maximizes their potential across a broad spectrum of human endeavors.

Question 29

What is behaviorism?

Answer 29

human natural is neutral, not good or bad but a result of genetic endowment interacting with learned experiences.

Question 30

Who came up with the concept of behaviorism?

Answer 30

Pavlov of Russia, then Watson from the U.S. followed.

Question 31

How are psychoanalyst and behaviorists different?

Answer 31

Psychoanalysts believe there's a lasting effect from traumatic events as a child, whereas behaviorists believe that yes, early experiences can be reinforced, but is also changeable later in life.

Question 32

What big 5 personality traits did McCrae and Costa establish?

Answer 32

extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openess to experiences.

Question 33

Define an extrovert:

Answer 33

social, active, and tendency to experience positive emotional states, characteristics commonly found in athletes.

Question 34

Define an agreeable person:

Answer 34

relates to interpersonal style, those who are agreeable easily establish rapport and are teachable opposed to those who aren't that tend to be negative and unapproachable.

Question 35

Define a neurotic person:

Answer 35

someone with poor coping skills that results in psychological distress.

Question 36

Define a conscientious person:

Answer 36

a contrast of a well organized, diligent person, and a disorganized, laxed one.

Question 37

Define someone with openess to experience:

Answer 37

relates to creativity, sensitivity, and behavioral flexibility, and indicator of good mental health.

Question 38

What does the NEO Personality Inventory (PI) measure?

Answer 38

the 5 big personality traits.

Question 39

Which psychologists researched trait theory?

Answer 39

Allport, Cattell, and Eysenck.

Question 40

What is trait theory?

Answer 40

personality, composed of enduring traits or predispositions that respond in similar ways across a variety of situations.

Question 41

Can trait theory predict wrong?

Answer 41

Yes, but there is a tendency for personality traits to be persistent, predictable, and measurable.

Question 42

What is the interactional model?

Answer 42

human behavior is the product of the interaction between the person and the environment.

Question 43

What is Kurt Lewin's formula for the interactive model?

Answer 43

B=f(P,E) | *function of the person and the situation or environment.

Question 44

What are the seven sources from the Endler and Hunt Model?

Answer 44

Person (P), Situation (S), Modes of Response (M-R), and Residual (PxSxM-R).