Personality And Health

Question 1

Personality definition

Answer 1

Characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving;
Individual differences in sociability and irritability;
Various parts come together as a whole;

Question 2

2 theories

Answer 2

Type A and Type B;

Big five/five factor model;

Question 3

Type A and type B

Answer 3

A - hostile, aggressive, dominant, competitive;

B - laid back, live in the moment;

Question 4

Type D

Answer 4

Distressed, disease prone type (worry, express negative emotions);

Question 5

Type A and CHD

Answer 5

Strong links due to higher stress, raised BP, more cortisol

Question 6

Five factor model

Answer 6

Open to new experiences - imagination, independent;
Conscientious- hard working, dependable, organised;
Extrovert- outgoing, warm;
Agreeable- helpful, trusting, empathetic;
Neurotic- unhappy, prone to negative emotions - risks of mental health problems

Question 7

Smoking with different personality traits

Answer 7

O, N - lifetime cigarette use;
N - increased risk of progression from ever smoking to daily;
C - decreased risk of lifetime cigarette use

Question 8

Fruit and veg intake

Answer 8

High C - intent and actual eating - more likely to follow through on intentions;

Question 9

Associations between traits and health
High N -
High E -
High C -
High A -

Answer 9

N -
Worry about health;
Worry abut symptoms of disease;
Think negative things will happen to them;

E -
More likely to take risks smoking, risky behaviour);

C -
More likely to quit smoking, drink less;
Worry about effect of behaviour on others;

A -
Optimistic about future health risks;
More trust in people and world;

Question 10

Methodology critique

Answer 10

US generalisability;
Cross sectional (collected at one tie]me point);
Coorelational  (relationship betw 2 variables but no more detail;

Question 11

Childhood personality traits predict health in adulthood for C and A

Answer 11

C - less smoking
Low A - more smoking in women;

Personality traits predict risks for behaviours in later life that could lead to diseases like cancer, heart disease and diabetes;

Question 12

Adherence to treatment is higher in which personality traits?
Which treatments and chronic diseases?

Answer 12

Undergoing renal dialysis;
Treatment for AIDS;
Treated with cholesterol lowering drugs;
Diabetes;
Arthritis;
Hypertension;
Stroke;
Depression;

Higher A and C - greater adherence;
N -less likely to adhere;

Question 13

Contradiction in N

Answer 13

Take more risk but access healthcare more frequently, more worried about symptoms;