Personality and attitudes Flashcards
Personality definition-
The unique psychological makeup which include the unique traits that influence a persons behaviours
3 personality theories-
Trait theory, social learning approach, interactionist perspective
Trait theory definition-
A theory which suggests that innate characteristics, called traits which are stable, enduring and produce consistent behaviour
How does trait theory allow us to predict behaviour in sport?
Because if sports people are always going to behave in the same way, there is a high chance we can expect and predict that same behaviour most of the time
Problem with trait theory-
It doesn’t always take into account personality change in different situations
Characteristics of an extrovert-
-enjoy interaction with others/sociable
-energised and aroused by others
-enthusiastic and talkative
-prone to boredom when isolated or by themselves
Characteristics of an introvert-
-shy/quiet
-thoughtful
-enjoy being on their own
-may become over-aroused easily
Social learning approach definition-
This theory suggests behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation
How does the social learning theory suggest our personalities develop?
It suggests that rather than being born with characteristics, we learn them from other people, by associating with them and picking up their behaviour
According to the social learning theory what are the processes that we learn our behaviour by-
Observe, identify, reinforce, copy
Interactionist perspective definition-
A theory that combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation
What does the interactionist perspective suggest?
That behaviour is adapted to suit a specific situation
Lewins formula for the interactionist perspective-
B=f(PXE)
What does Lewins formula mean according to the interactionist perspective?
Behaviour is a function of personality and the environment
What did Hollanders approach to the interactionist theory suggest?
That personality is made up of 3 features:
- the core of the performer
- the typical responses
- the role-related behaviour
What does the core represent in Hollanders approach to the interactionist theory?
The values and beliefs of the individual
These are stable and unlikely to change
What does the typical response represent in Hollanders approach to the interactionist theory?
The use of inherent traits displayed to specific situations which identify the usual responses the player would make in a given situation
What does the role-related behaviour represent in Hollanders approach to the interactionist theory?
Suggests that the performer may adopt or adapt to a very specific role when the situation demands it
How can a coach apply the interactionist perspective?
1- the coach could predict any potential unacceptable/ aggressive behaviour and remove the player from the situation by substituting them off
2- the coach could identify situations that cause inappropriate actions or a dropping off of performance and create similar situations in training so the player can learn to cope
3- the coach could use the interactionist approach to change players behaviour by encouraging players to adapt to specific circumstances
Credulous approach to personality meaning-
When the link between personality and behaviour is accepted
Sceptical approach to personality meaning-
When the link between personality and behaviour is doubted
Attitude definition-
A value aimed at an attitude object
How are attitudes formed?
By associating with others and picking up their opinions and values by socialisation
What makes an attitude more likely to be learned?
If the behaviour we see in significant others is reinforced/ repeated many times
