Personality Flashcards
Big 5 higher order personality traits
O - openness C - conscientiousness E - extroversion A - agreeableness N - neuroticism
Big 6 higher order personality traits
H - honesty / humility E - emotionality X - extraversion A - agreeableness C - conscientiousness O- openness to experience
Bandwidth vs prediction
Big 5 factors provide broad descriptions of human behaviour
- have greater bandwidth than narrower lower order traits
- can be used to predict wider range of consequential outcomes
Lower level traits can be compromised of different higher order traits, or facets of higher order traits and give narrower view
- narrower bandwidth than higher order traits
- describe narrower range of human behaviour
Broad vs narrow traits
Narrow lower order traits are important because
Provide more specific and precise info about an individual’s personality
More predictive power and precision for understanding outcomes
Interpretation of correlation between a narrower trait and an outcome may be easier
Narrow traits are linked to more specific ways of thinking, feeling and behaving
The dark triad
Paulhus and Williams (2002)
Qualities that embody socially malevolent character with behavioural tendencies towards self promotion, emotional coldness, duplicity and aggressiveness
Machiavellianism: manipulation and exploitation of others, an absence of morality, unemotional callousness, higher level of self interest
Narcissism: grandiosity, pride, egotism, lack of empathy
Psychopathy: continuous antisocial behaviour, impulsivity, selfishness, callous, unemotional traits and remorselessness
The light triad
Kaufman et al (2019)
Qualities that embody a loving a beneficent orientation towards others
Kantianjsm: treating people as ends unto themselves
Humanism: valuing the dignity and worth of each individual
Faith in humanity: believing the fundamental goodness of humans
Dark vs light triad
Normological network is network of traits, qualities and outcomes that you would expect to be associated with a trait to demonstrate it is a valid construct
Even though design scale to be opposite of dark triad traits, not the case-> shared variance
Self report measures
Samples used
Cultural limitations
Ecological validity
- measure of how a scale predicts behaviours in real-world settings
Parenting style and procrastination
Children with overly critical, demanding parents might learn to avoid tasks, rather than risking failure
Response to the expectation that parents will respond to self-characteristics In a harsh and controlling manner
Genetics
Genotype: inherited, genetic potential (unobservable)
Phenotype: behavioural expression of genotype in environment (observable)
Heritability: proportion of phenotype variance in a sample explained by genetic factors
Procrastination and impulsivity
Procrastination as a byproduct of impulsivity
Procrastination was 46% heritable, impulsivity 49%
Procrastination was distinguishable from impulsivity and the phenotype level, but not the genotypic level
Procrastination and executive functions (EF)
Eg= set of general purpose control mechanisms that are implicated in many types of goal-related abilities
Procrastination related to worse general EF ability at both phenotypic and genetic level
William James
Plasticity hypothesis- personality is changeable like plastic
Plaster hypothesis- personality is enduring like plaster
Favoured plaster- personality set by age 20-30
Life experiences
All environments are not equal
Interactionism suggests that personality is contoured by the environmental and social pressures it is exposed to
Genetic factors
Inherent tendencies to think and behave passed on generationally are a biological level
Observed behaviourally- phenotypic expression
