Personality Flashcards
Personality
An individuals unique constellation of psychological traits that is relatively stable over time
Personality traits
Any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another
Personality type
A constellation of traits that is similar in pattern to one identified category of personality
Holland argued most people can be categorised into one of six personality types:
Conventional, Enterprising, Artistic, Social, Investigative, Realistic
CEASIR
Two categories of personality types
Type A: characterised by competitiveness, impatience, restlessness, haste, strong needs for achievement and dominance
Type B: opposite: mellow or laid-back
On the self directed search, terms such as enterprising, investigate and artistic are
Personality types
Personality profile
Narrative description of the extent an individual displays certain traits, states and types
Personality states
The transitory exhibition of a personality trait (temporary predisposition)
Self concept differentiation
The degree to which a person has different self concepts in different roles
The MMPI
The single most popular personality test used today, that is atheoretical
The blacky pictures test is a
Theory based instrument
Q sort technique
Involves sorting a group of statements from most to least descriptive
Frame of reference
Aspects of the focus of exploration including the time frame and context
Nomethetic approach
How a limited number of personality traits can be applied to all people.
According to a nomethetic view
Certain personality traits exist in all people to varying degrees. The assessor’s task is to determine the strength of each of these traits in the assessee.
Idiographic approach
Efforts to learn about an individual’s unique constellation of personality traits, with no attempt to characterise each person according to any particular set of traits
The goal of an idiographic approach is
To understand the specific traits unique to the makeup of the individual
Normative approach
Testtakers responses and strength of measured trait are interpreted relative to the strength of that trait in the population
Ipsative approach
Responses and strengths of measured traits are interpreted relative to the strength of measured traits for that same individual
Content oriented approach to test development
The use of logic and reason in the development of test items
Data reduction methods
Identify minimum number of variables or factors that account for intercorrelations in observed data
Cattell found
16 primary factors of personality
A criterion is
A standard on which a judgment or decision can be made
A criterion group
A reference group of testtakers who share specific characteristics and whose responses serve as a standard to which items will be included or excluded from a scale
Empirical criterion keying
Using criterion groups to develop test items
