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Psychology Test Wk 10 T3 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Define personality

A

Personality consists of those relatively stable, permanent characteristics and behaviour that are unique to an individual

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2
Q

Who did the psychodynamic approach?

A

Freud

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3
Q

Who did the trait approach?

A

Eysenck, Allport

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4
Q

Who did the humanistic approach?

A

Maslow

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5
Q

What does Freuds psychodynamic approach focus on?

A

Major focus on unconscious psychological conflicts and how they are resolved

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6
Q

Name the 3 levels of awareness

A

1 the conscious mind
2 the pre conscious mind
3 the unconscious mind

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7
Q

The conscious mind

A

Images, thoughts and feelings that we are experiencing right now

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8
Q

The pre conscious mind

A

Memories and sensations that can be brought easily into consciousness (e.g. The name of a close relative)

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9
Q

The unconscious mind

A

Desires, impulses and wishes that are very difficult to bring into consciousness and would produce anxiety if allowed into consciousness

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10
Q

Iceberg theory

A

The mind is like an ice berg. The most important part is under water
The conscious is trying to become conscious

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11
Q

Examples of the unconscious trying to become conscious

A

Dreams and Freudian slips

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12
Q

What are Freudian slips?

A

Is a verbal or memory mistake that s believed to be linked to the unconscious mind
- example, Ross on Friends. Says Rachel instead of wife’s name

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13
Q

What are the 3 parts of personality

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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14
Q

What is the Id

A

The pleasure principle

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15
Q

Ego

A

Reality principle

Defence mechanisms

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16
Q

The superego

A

Moral part of personality
Perfection principles
Perfection rather than pleasure
Guilt

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17
Q

Development of Personality- 5 stages

A
  1. Oral stage
  2. Anal stage
  3. Phallic stage
  4. Latency period
  5. Genital stage
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18
Q

Oral stage

A

0-18 months

Pleasure centres around the mouth- chewing, sucking and biting

19
Q

Anal stage

A

18-3 years

Pleasure relates to the anus- passing stools, exercising power ver the parents during toilet training

20
Q

Phallic stage

A

3-6 years
Focus on sex organs
Develops an unconscious attraction to the parent of the opposite sex and feelings of jealousy and hatred towards the parent of the same sex

21
Q

Latency period

A

6 years to puberty
Psychosexual development is dormant
Not a stage

22
Q

Genital stage

A

Beings at puberty

Growing need for mature social and sexual relationships with others

23
Q

What did Freud believe?

A

Many of the psychological problems experienced in adulthood are a direct result of childhood experiences and of how well the child can progress through the stages

24
Q

When are defence mechanisms used?

A

To reduce anxiety caused by conflict between the id, ego and superego
Usually occurs without us knowing we are using them

25
Q

Name Freudian defence mechanisms (8)

A
  • Denial
  • Repression
  • Reaction formation
  • Regression
  • Projection
  • Rationalisation
  • Compensation
  • Sublimation
26
Q

Maslows Humanistic Theories

A
  • Must have basic needs before we try to have higher needs met
  • need to live up to our highest unique potential
27
Q

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

A

Top to bottom

  • Self Actualisation
  • Self-Esteem Needs
  • Love and Belongingness Needs
  • Safety and Security Needs
  • Physiological Needs

One must satisfy lower level deficit needs before progressing on to meet higher level growth needs

28
Q

Allports Trait Theory

A

Went through dictionary and identified words that could describe personality

29
Q

Types of traits according to Allport

A
  • Common traits
  • Cardinal traits
  • Central traits
  • Secondary traits
30
Q

Common traits

A

Despite everyone having a unique personality, there are traits that are common to culture

31
Q

Cardinal traits

A

A personality trait that is a driving force and determines behaviour
These are very rare- few people possess them
E.g. Overwhelming need to be powerful

32
Q

Central traits

A

Present in varying degrees in all people in a particular culture
Basic building blocks to personality
E.g. Independence, trustworthiness

33
Q

Secondary traits

A

Present in varying degrees in all people
Depends on the specific situation
Can change depending on where we are and what we are doing
E.g. Fashion preferences

34
Q

3 Dimensions of Eysencks Theory Summary

A
  1. Psychoticism- Impulse Control
  2. Extraversion - Introversion
  3. neuroticism- Emotionally stable

Known as the PEN system

35
Q

What is Eysencks self report questionnaire called?

A

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)

36
Q

Non- Projective/ Self Report Inventories

A

Rating scales
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observation

37
Q

Rating scales

A

Ranks the extent to which a trait is present.
Often used with children
Is subjective

38
Q

Questionnaires

A

Standardised questions
Rely on people being honest
Bias

39
Q

Interviews

A

Used to gain information

A limitation of interviews is that the impressions gained are often first impressions and may not be accurate

40
Q

Observation

A

Looking at behaviour and noting behaviours, traits and mannerisms

41
Q

Projective Tests

A

Based on Psychodynamic theories of personality
Interested in measuring unconscious desires, motivations and conflicts
- Rosarch Inkblot Test
- Themstic Apperception Test (TAT)

42
Q

Thematic Apperception Test

A

Make a story up with an image

43
Q

Rosarch Inkblot Test

A

Say what they see in Inkblot test

Psychology Test Wk 10 T3 (1 decks)

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