Personality Flashcards
Personality Definition
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The relatively stable, permanent characteristics that are unique to an individual and influence the way an individual thinks, feels and behaves.
Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytical Theory
- Conscious: images, thoughts and feelings that are being experienced right now.
- Pre-conscious: memories and sensations that can be easily brought into consciousness.
- Unconscious: desires and impulses that are difficult to bring into consciousness and can produce anxiety if brought to consciousness.
Id: pleasure principle.
Ego: reality principle, responsible for defense mechanisms.
Superego: moral principles.
Psychosexual Stages
1) Oral (0-1)
- Pleasure from stimulation of mouth
- Fixation = oral fixation e.g. smoking.
2) Anal (1-3)
- Pleasure from defecating.
- Anally retentive or expulsive contributes to fixations later in life.
- Fixations: anally expulsive = messy, rebellious. Anally retentive: clean, stingy, organised.
3) Phallic (3-6)
- Boys = Oedipus complex
- Girls = Electra complex
4) Latency (6-puberty)
- Pause in psychosexual development.
5) Genital (puberty-adult)
- Relationships with the opposite sex. Sexual intercourse.
Defense mechanisms
Regression: movement back in psychological time when an individual is faced with stress.
Sublimation: satisfying an impulse with substitute object in a socially accepted way.
Displacement: satisfying an impulse with substitute object.
Denial: blocking external events from awareness.
Criticisms
- Only used women
- If anyone disagreed, he would argue
- Unscientific and impossible to be observed.
- Biased
- Latency stage is questioned.
Psychoanalysis
Free association: patients say whatever they would like.
Dream analysis: dreams are analysed to see unconscious
thoughts that may contribute to patient’s anxiety.
Word association: patients say anything based on the word presented.
Freudian slips: unconscious thoughts trying to become conscious.
