Personality

Question 0

Free Association

Answer 0

A method of of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.

Question 2

Psychoanalysis

Answer 2

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts.

Question 3

Unconscious

Answer 3

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories.

Question 4

Id

Answer 4

Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, arrives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives.

Question 5

Ego

Answer 5

Mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality.

Question 6

Superego

Answer 6

Represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for future aspirations.

Question 7

Psychosexual stages

Answer 7

The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phalic, latency, genital) during which, the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones.

Question 8

Oedipus Complex

Answer 8

According to Freud, a boys sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

Question 9

Identification

Answer 9

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos.

Question 10

Fixation

Answer 10

According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.

Question 11

Defense mechanisms

Answer 11

Tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality

Question 12

Repression

Answer 12

The basic mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings and memories from consciousness.

Question 13

Regression

Answer 13

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Question 14

Reaction Formation

Answer 14

The ego unconsciously makes unacceptable impulses look like their opposites.

Question 15

Projection

Answer 15

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

Question 16

Rationalization

Answer 16

When we unconsciously generate self - justify in explanations to hide from ourselves the real reasons for our actions.

Question 17

Displacement

Answer 17

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggression impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet.

Question 18

Denial

Answer 18

Defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities.

Question 19

Collective unconscious

Answer 19

Carl Jung concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

Question 20

Projective test

Answer 20

A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics

Question 21

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 21

In which people view ambiguous and then makeup stories about them

Question 22

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 22

Which people describe what they see in a series of inkblots

Question 23

Terror-management theory

Answer 23

A theory of death-related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death.

Question 24

Self- Actualization

Answer 24

To fulfill ones potential

Question 25

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 25

An attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Question 26

Self-concept

Answer 26

All of out thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question “who am I?”

Question 27

Trait

Answer 27

People’s characteristic behaviors and conscious motives

Question 28

Personality inventory

Answer 28

A questionnaire (often true-false or agree -disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.

Question 29

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI)

Answer 29

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality test.

Question 30

Empirically derived test

Answer 30

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.

Question 31

Social-cognitive perspective

Answer 31

The interaction of out traits with out situations

Question 32

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 32

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

Question 33

Personal control

Answer 33

Whether we lead to see ourselves as controlling or as controlled by, out environment.

Question 34

External locus of control

Answer 34

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate.

Question 35

Internal locus of control

Answer 35

Who believe that they control their own destiny

Question 36

Learned helplessness

Answer 36

When repeatedly faced with traumatic events over which they have no control, come to feel helpless, hopeless and depressed

Question 37

Positive Psychology

Answer 37

A psychology concerned not only with weakness and damage but also with strength and virtue.

Question 38

Self

Answer 38

Organizer of our thoughts, feelings and actions is the center of personality.

Question 39

Spotlight Effect

Answer 39

Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance and blunders (as if we presume spotlight shines on us)

Question 40

Self-esteem

Answer 40

Ones feelings of high or low self-worth

Question 41

Self-serving bias

Answer 41

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably