Personality Flashcards
“Personality” originated from the Latin word _____, which is refered to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas
Persona
Pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior
Personality
Individual differences in behavior, consistency of behavior over time, and stability of behavior across situation
Traits
Unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence
Characteristics
Set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses
Theory
A theory is a ___ __ _____. A single assumption can never fill all the requirements of an adequate theory.
Set of assumptions
A theory is a ___ __ _____ _____. Isolated assumptions can neither generate meaningful hypotheses nor possess internal consistency-two criteria of a useful theory
Set of related assumptions
A theory is an ____. The components of a theory are not proven facts in the sense that their validity has been absolutely established
Assumptions
Study of fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
Philosophy
The nature of knowledge. Theory relates most closelt to this branch of philosophy, because it is a tool used by scientists in their pursuit of knowledge.
Epistemology
Branch of study concerned with observation and classification of data and with verification of general laws through the testing of hypotheses
Science
Educated guess or prediction specific enough for its validity to be tested through the use of the scientific method
Hypothesis
General to specific deductive reasoning
Logical deductive reasoning
Specific to general deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Classification of things according to their natural relationships
Taxonomy
Five major theoretical perspectives in personality psychology
- Psychodynamic Theories
- Humanistic-Existential Theories
- Dispositioal Theories
- Biological-Evolutionary Theories
- Learning-(Social) Cognitive Theories
Focused on the importance of early childhood experience and on relationships with parents
Psychodynamic Theories
Humanistic approach is that people strive toward meaning, growth, well-being, happiness, and psychological health
Humanistic-Existential Theories
Unique and long-term tendencies to behave in particular ways are the essence of our personality
Dispositional Theories
Behavior, thought, feelings, and personality are influenced by differences in basic genetic, epigenetic, and neurological systems between individuals
Biological-Evolutionary Theories
Focuses only on behavior, not on hypothetical and unobservable internal states such as thoughts, feelings, drives, or motives
Learning-(Social) Cognitive Theories
