PERSONALITY Flashcards
Define personality by Gordon Allport
According to Gordon Allport -“ Personality is the dynamic organization within an individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment.”
Define personality by Hans Eyesenck
According to Hans Eyesenck - “Personality is more or less stable and enduring organization of a person’s temperament, intellect and physique which determine his unique adjustment to the environment.”
Define personality by Raymond Catell
According to Raymond Catell - “Personality is that which permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation.”
What are the various components of personality?
The various components of personality are as follows:-
1) CHARACTER which denotes a person’s more or less stable or enduring system or organisation of contains behaviour (Will)
2) TEMPERAMENT which denotes a person’s more or less stable or enduring organisation of affective behaviour (Emotions).
3) INTELLECT denotes a person’s more or less stable or enduring organisation of cognitive behaviour (Intelligence).
4) PHYSIQUE which denotes a person’s more or less stable or enduring organisation of bodily configuration and neuro-endocrine endowments (Glands + nervous system + bodily configuration).
Explain the four temperament theory
Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient four humorous theories. It may have origins in ancient Egypt or Mesopotamia but it was the greek physician HIPPOCRATES who developed it into a medical theory. Next Gallen develop the first typology of temperament. The word temperament itself comes from latin ‘temperament’ “to mix”. In the ideal personality, The complimentary characteristics or warm-cool and dry moist were exquisitely balanced.
Hypocrites theorise that personality traits and human behaviours are based on four separate temperaments associated with four fluids of the body which had choleric temperament (yellow bile from the liver) melancholic temperament (black bile from the kidneys) Sanguin temperament (red blood from the heart) and phlegmatic temperament (white flegm from the lungs).
Hi group, people into types based on the fluid or humour and therefore grooved people into four temperament types. It is characterised by specific behavioural features:
1) SANGUINE - Cheerful, vigourous and confidently optimistic
2) MELANCHOLIC - depressed and Sullen
3) CHOLERIC - Hot tempered
4) PHLEGMATIC - slow, moving, come, and unexcitable
Explain Sheldons theory
Sheldon proposed a personality type based on body build and temperament. These typologies are quite famous in psychology. Sheldon called these types as person’s somatotypes, and also classified them into following:
1.Endomorphic: They are fat, soft and round. By temperament they are relaxed, sociable, peaceful, comfort-loving and tolerant.
2.Mesomorphs: They have strong musculature, rectangular and with a strong body build. By temperament, they are active, assertive, energetic and courageous.
3.Ectomorphs: They are thin, long and fragile in body builds. By temperament, they are brainy, artistic and interovert.
These body type are more like stereotypes which people hold. They are also simple and limited in predicting behavior.
Explain Friedman type theory of personality
Friedman and Rosenman were studying the psychosocial risk factors, when they discovered the following types of personality:
Type A:
People with type A personality are highly motivated. They have a feeling that, time is running out. So, they are always in hurry.
They lack patience and also always feel like being burdened with work. People with type A personality are at high risk of developing hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD). They also find it difficult, to slow down and relax.
Type B:
Type B personality is opposite of type A. They not only are relaxed, but can also be characterized by the absence of all type A traits.
Type C:
Morris has suggested the type C personality type. People with this personality love details, so use their time to find out how things work. They are cooperative, unassertive and patient. They also, suppress negative emotions such as anger and show compliance to authority. People with this personality are prone to cancer.
Type D:
People with type D personality are pessimistic. Therefore, are prone to depression .
