Personality Flashcards
1
Q
What is personality?
A
A cluster of relatively predictable patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that is generally consistent across time, space and context. It is generally a multi-dimensional spectrum rather than rigidly-defined categories
2
Q
What are the components of the five factor model of personality?
A
- openness
- neuroticism
- agreeableness
- extraversion
- conscientiosness
3
Q
What are disorders of (adult) personality according to ICD10
A
- individuals characteristic and enduring patterns of inner experience and behaviour deviate markedly as a whole from the culturally expected and accepted range
- manifested in more than one of; cognition, affectivity, impulse control, interpersonal functioning
- pervasive behaviours that is inflexible, maladaptive or dysfunctional
- personal distress and or adverse impact on social environment
- stable, long duration, onset in late childhood / adolescence
4
Q
Describe the features of anankastic personality disorder
A
- feelings of excessive doubt and caution
- preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, organisation or schedule
- perfectionism that interferes with task completion
- excessive conscientiousness and scrupulousness
- undue preoccupation with productivity to the exclusion of pleasure and interpersonal relationships
- excessive pedantry and adherence to social conventions
- rigidity and stubbornness
- unreasonable insistence that others submit to exactly his or her way of doing things, or unreasonable reluctance to allow others to do things
- e.g. monica geller
5
Q
Describe the assessment and rating of personality disorders
A
- clinical assessment; complex, takes time, more than one appointment
- rating scales;
- zanarini rating scale for borderline personality disorder (ZAN_BPD)
- personality assessment schedule (PAS)
- personality disorders questionnaire (PDQ-4)
- minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
- borderline personality questionnaire (BPQ)
- international personality disorder examination (IDPE)
6
Q
Describe the classification of personality disorders in ICD10
A
Cluster A; - paranoid - schizoid Cluster B; - dissocial - emotionally unstable (impulsive or borderline) - histrionic Cluster C; - anxious - dependent - anankastic
7
Q
Describe the features of paranoid personality disorder
A
4 of;
- excessive sensitivity to setbacks
- tendency to bear grudges
- suspiciousness and tendency to misconstrue the neutral / friendly actions of others as hostile / contemptuous
- a combative and tenacious sense of personal rights out of keeping with the actual situation
- recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding sexual fidelity or partner
- persistent self-referential attitude, associated particularly with excessive self importance
- preoccupation with unsubstantiated ‘conspiratorial’ explanations of events in the world at large
8
Q
Describe the features of schizoid personality disorder
A
4 of;
- few, if any, activities provide pleasure
- emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
- limited capacity to express warm feelings for others as well as anger
- indifferent to either praise or criticism of others
- little interest in having sexual experiences with another person
- almost always chooses solitary activities
- excessive preoccupation with fantasy / introspection
- neither desires, nor has, any close friends or confiding relationships (or only one)
- marked insensitivity to prevailing social norms . conventions
- example; batman
9
Q
Describe the features of shizotypal personality disorder
A
- 5 or more of;
- ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference)
- odd beliefs or magical thinking, inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g. superstitious, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy or sixth sense)
- unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions
- odd thinking and speech (e.g. vague, metaphorical etc)
- suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
- inappropriate behaviour or appearance that is odd, eccentric or peculiar
- lack of close friend or confidants other than first degree relatives
- excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fear rather than negative judgements about self
- e.g. willy wonka
10
Q
Describe the features of dissocial personality disorders
A
3 of;
- callous unconcern for feelings of others
- irresponsible and disregard for social norms / rules / obligations
- incapacity to maintain enduring relationships, though no difficult to establish them
- very low tolerance to frustration and low threshold for aggression / violence
- incapacity to experience guilt, or to profit from adverse experience, particularly punishment
- marked proneness to blame others
- e.g. the grinch
11
Q
Describe the features of psychopathy
A
- interpersonal; glibness, superficial charm, grandiose self worth, pathological lying, cunning, manipulative
- affective; lack or remorse or guilt, shallow affect, callous/ lack of empathy, failure to accept responsibility for actions
- lifestyle; need for stimulation, prone to boredom. parasitic lifestyle, lack of realistic long term goals, impulsivity, irresponsibility
- antisocial; poor behavioural controls. early behavioural problems, juvenile delinquency, revocation of condition, criminal versatility
12
Q
Describe the features of emotionally unstable personality disorder; impulsive
A
3 of;
- tendency to act unexpectedly, without consideration of consequences
- quarrelsome behaviour and conflicts with others, especially when impulsive acts are thwarted / criticised
- liability to outbursts of anger or violence
- difficulty in maintaining any course of action that offers no immediate reward
- unstable mood
13
Q
Describe the features of emotionally unstable personality disorder - bordlerine
A
Features of emotionally unstable PD - impulsive, plus 2 of;
- disturbances in an uncertainty about self image, aims and internal preferences (including sexual)
- intense and unstable relationships, often leading to emotional cries
- excessive efforts to avoid abandonment
- recurrent threats or acts of self harm
- chronic feelings of emptiness
14
Q
Describe the features of histrionic personality disorder
A
4 of;
- self dramatisation, theatrically or exaggerated expression of emotions
- suggestible
- shallow / labile affectivity
- continually seeks excitement and activities in which the subject is the centre of attention
- inappropriately seductive in appearance or behaviour
- overly concerned with physical attractiveness
- e.g. regina george
15
Q
Describe the features of narcissistic personality disorder
A
5 of;
- a grandiose logic of self importance
- a fixation with fantasies of infinite success, control, brilliance, beauty or idyllic love
- a credence that they are extraordinary and exceptional
- a desire for unwarranted admiration
- a sense of entitlement
- interpersonally oppressive behaviour
- no form of empathy
- resentment of other or a conviction that others are resentful of him of her
- a display of egotistical and conceited behaviours or attitudes
- e.g. walter white
16
Q
Describe the features of anxious personality disorder
A
4 of;
- persistent pervasive feelings of tension / apprehension
- belief that oneself is socially inept / inferior to others
- excessive preoccupation about being criticised / rejected in social situations
- unwillingness to get involved with people unless certain of being liked
- restrictions in lifestyle because of need of security
- avoidance of social or occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact, because of fear of criticism, disapproval or rejection
- e.g. charlie brown
17
Q
Describe the features of dependent personality disorder
A
4 of;
- encouraging or allowing other to make most of ones important life decisions
- subordination of ones own needs to those of others whom one is dependent, and undue compliance with their wishes
- unwillingness to make even reasonable demands on the people one depends on
- feeling uncomfortable or helpless when alone, becuase of exaggerated fears of inability to care for oneself
- preoccupation with fears of being left to take care of oneself
- limited capacity to make everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice / reassurance
18
Q
Describe the treatment of personality disorders
A
- generally, there isnt good quality evidence to guide treatment for most personality disorders
- the treatment of comorbidity (e.g. depression, anxiety etc) is effective and should be the focus of treatment
