Personalised Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

How is ‘pharmacogenetics’ defined?

A

Application of genetic analysis to predict drug response, efficacy, and toxicity

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2
Q

What is personalised medicine?

A

Use of pharmacogenomics/ pharmacogenetics in patient-specific genetic information to predict patients’ response to different drugs

Prevention and Treatment based on environment, lifestyle and genes

Allows for individualisation of healthcare

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3
Q

What is precision medicine?

A

Targeted therapies based on molecular diagnostics

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4
Q

What type of mutations can be passed on to offspring?

A

Germ cell mutations

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5
Q

What is germline risk?

A

Variants present in an individual’s genome since conception that increase risk of developing cancer

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6
Q

What are somatic mutations found in tumours?

A

Mutations that occur during a patient’s lifetime that directly lead to oncogenesis

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7
Q

What is the Knudson hypothesis?

A

Cancer is the result of accumulated mutations to a cell’s DNA

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8
Q

What is BRCA1?

A

Human tumour suppressor gene (caretaker gene)

Responsible for repairing DNA
- Double strand breaks

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9
Q

What is ‘olaparib’?

A

PARP inhibitor

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10
Q

What is the EGF receptor?

A

Responsible for a cascade resulting in cell proliferation

When activated by EGF

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11
Q

What is ‘gefitinib’?

A

EGFR inhibitor

Tyrosine kinase as a target

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12
Q

What is ‘erlotinib’?

A

EGFR inhibitor

Tyrosine kinase as a target

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13
Q

Name some examples of an EGFR inhibitor.

A

(1) Gefitinib

(2) Erlotinib

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14
Q

What are CDK4/6?

A

Cell cycle dependent kinase 4/6

Key regulator of the cell cycle

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15
Q

What is ‘palbococlib’?

A

Selective inhibitor of cell cycle dependent kinase 4/6

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