Personal Training Flashcards
The meaning of anatomy and physiology
Anatomy is the structure and physiology is the function of living organisms
What is the anatomical position?
Standing with the body erect, arms at sides and palms facing forward
What is contralateral and ipsilateral ?
Contralateral means opposite side of the body and ipsilateral means the same side of the body
What does proximal and distal mean
Proximal means closest to the attachment point of a limb and distal is furthest from the attachment point
What is the sagittal plane?
The sagittal plane lies vertically and divides the body into right and left parts
What is the frontal / Coronal plane?
The frontal plane lies horizontally and divides the body into front and back parts
What is the transverse (Horizontal) plane?
The transverse plane lies horizontally and divides the body into top and bottom parts
What is flexion and extension
To flex at a joint, extend at a joint (flexion would be the curl in leg curl and extension would be the extended part)
The difference between ABduction and ADduction
Abduction is to move away from the midline and adduction is towards the midline in a frontal plane
Explain pronation or pronated grip means?
The palm is facing behind / posterior
What is supination or supinunated grip
The palm is facing in front of the body / anterior
What is posterior and anterior
Posterior is back (behind) and anterior is forward (in front)
What is Inversion and eversion
Sole of the feet inversion means inwards and eversion means outwards
explain horizontal
Draw a line from left to right
Explain horizontal flexion and extension
Flex Horizontally and extend horizontally eg chest fly
What is retraction and protraction
Commonly involve the scapulae (shoulder blades) retract is to pull back your shoulders and protraction is the opposite e.g a row. when arms are extended the shoulders are protracted but when your pull/row your shoulders are retracted
What is the organisation of the human body, in order
Molecules make cells - cells of the SAME type make tissues - tissue of DIFFERENT types make organs - Various organs make body systems
What is mitochondrion and it’s function
Mitochondrion is a part of our cells that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
It is generated by the mitochondrion and is a source of chemical energy
Tissues that form bone include?
Osseous, connective and blood tissues
The four layers of bone include?
Periosteum, compact or dense tissue, spongey or callous tissue and bone marrow
What is periosteum? HINT a bone layer
The dense, tough outer shell that contains blood vessels and nerves
Compact or dense tissue, what is it?
The hard/smooth layer that protects the tissue within a bone
Spongy or callous tissue, What is it?
The porous, honeycombed material found inside most bones which allows the bone to be strong yet light weight