Personal Identification

Question 1

Was a French criminologist and anthropologist who
created the first system of physical measurements, photography, and
record-keeping that police could use to identify recidivist criminals.

Answer 1

Alphonse Bertillon

Question 2

Fingerprints were used in clay tablets for business

transactions. 1000 - 2000 BC

Answer 2

Ancient Babylon

Question 3

the first system of personal identification.

Answer 3

Anthropometry

Question 4

Two Indian fingerprint experts credited with primary development of the Henry System of fingerprint classification (named after their supervisor,
Edward Richard Henry).

Answer 4

Azizul Haque and Hem Chandra Bose(1897)

Question 5

A system of identification which focuses on the
meticulous measurement and recording of different parts and components
of the human body.

Answer 5

Bertillon System

Question 6

It is the examination and thorough study fo the palms of

the human hand as a point indentifying persons.

Answer 6

Chiroscopy

Question 7

1. Approximate center of the pattern

2. It is placed upon or within the innermost sufficient recurve.

Answer 7

Core

Question 8

1. point on a ridge at or nearest to the point of divergence of two typelines and
2. is located at or directly in front of the point of divergence.

Answer 8

Delta

Question 9

he accomplished the first fingerprint file
established in the United States, and the first use of fingerprinting
by a U.S. government agency.

Answer 9

Dr. Henry P. DeForrest

Question 10

in 1684, he was the first European to publish

friction ridge skin observations.

Answer 10

Dr. Nehemiah Grew

Question 11

the study of the morphological characteristics of

friction ridges; shape or contour of the edges of friction ridges.

Answer 11

Edgeoscopy

Question 12

informally referred to as the Sherlock Holmes of France,
he developed the science of poroscopy, the study of fingerprint pores and the impressions produced by these pores. He went on to write that
if 12 specific points were identical between two fingerprints, it would
be sufficient for positive identification. This work led to the use of
fingerprints in identifying criminals being adopted over Bertillon’s
earlier technique of anthropometry.

Answer 12

Edmond Locard

Question 13

is an impression of the friction ridge of all or any
part of the finger. Fingerprint ridges are formed during the third
to fourth month of fetal development.

Answer 13

Fingerprint

Question 14

He used his thumb print on a document to prevent

forgery. First known use of fingerprints in the U.S.

Answer 14

Gilbert Thompson

Question 15

anatomy professor at the University of
Breslau, in 1823, he published his thesis discussing nine fingerprint
patterns but he made no mention of the value of fingerprints for
personal identification.

Answer 15

John Evangelist Purkinje

Question 16

In 1892, two boys were brutally murdered in the
village of Necochea, near Buenos Aires, Argentina. Initially,
suspicion fell on a man named Velasquez, a suitor of the children’s
mother, Francisca Rojas. Investigators found a bloody fingerprint at
the crime scene and contacted Juan Vucetich, who was developing a
system of fingerprint identification for police use. Vucetich compared
the fingerprints of Rojas and Velasquez with the bloody fingerprint.
Francisca Rojas had denied touching the bloody bodies, but the
fingerprint matched one of hers. Confronted with the evidence, she
confessed—the first successful use of fingerprint identification in a
murder investigation.

Answer 16

Juan Vucetich

Question 17

1. One or more ridges enter upon either side
2. Recurve
3. Touch or pass an imaginary line between delta and core
4. Pass out or tend to pass out upon the same side the ridges entered.

Answer 17

Loop

Question 18

Three Loop Characteristics

Answer 18

1. A sufficient recurve
2. A Delta
3. A ridge count across a looping ridge

Question 19

in 1686, an anatomy professor at the University of
Bologna, noted fingerprint ridges, spirals and loops in his treatise.
A layer of skin was named after him; “Malpighi” layer, which is
approximately 1.8mm thick.

Answer 19

Marcelo Malpighi -

Question 20

author of the novel Pudd’nhead Wilson where one of the

characters has a hobby of collecting fingerprints.

Answer 20

Mark Twain

Question 21

published his observations
that (latent) fingerprints can be developed on paper by iodine fuming,
explaining how to preserve (fix) such developed impressions and
mentioning the potential for identifying suspects’ fingerprints by
use of a magnifying glass.

Answer 21

Paul-Jean Coulier - of Val-de-Grâce in Paris

Question 22

refers to the examination of the shape,size and
arrangement of the small opening on friction ridge through which body
fluids are secreted or released.

Answer 22

Poroscopy

Question 23

a term coined by Wilder and Wentwrth which refers to the examination of the soles and their significance in personal identification.

Answer 23

Podoscopy

Question 24

describes the individualization process of any area of

friction skin using all available detail.

Answer 24

Ridgeology

Question 25

Ridge Characteristics

An isolated ridge unit whose length approximates its width in size.

Answer 25

Ridge Dots

Question 26

Ridge Characteristics

- The point at which one friction ridge divides into two friction ridges.

Answer 26

.Bifurcations

Question 27

Ridge Characteristics

The point at which one friction ridge divides into three friction ridges.

Answer 27

Trifurcations

Question 28

Ridge Characteristics
A single friction ridge that terminates within
the friction ridge structure.

Answer 28

Ending Ridge

Question 29

Ridge Characteristics

A point where two ridge units intersect.

Answer 29

Ridge Crossing

Question 30

Ridge Characteristics

Friction ridges of varying lengths.

Answer 30

Short Ridges (Islands)

Question 31

Ridge Characteristics
A bifurcation with one short ridge branching off
a longer ridge.

Answer 31

Spurs (Hooks)

Question 32

Ridge Characteristics
A connecting friction ridge between parallel running
ridges, generally right angles.

Answer 32

Bridges

Question 33

Ridge Characteristics
A single friction ridge that bifurcates and
rejoins after a short course and continues as a single friction
ridge.

Answer 33

Enclosures (Lakes)

Question 34

he was appointed Inspector-General of Police
of Bengal, India in 1891, he developed a system of fingerprint
classification enabling fingerprint records to be organised and searched
with relative ease.

Answer 34

Sir Edward Richard Henry

Question 35

He devised a method of classifying fingerprints
that proved useful in forensic science. He pointed out that there were
specific types of fingerprint patterns. He described and classified
them into eight broad categories: 1: plain arch, 2: tented arch,
3: simple loop, 4: central pocket loop, 5: double loop,
6: lateral pocket loop, 7: plain whorl, and 8: accidental

Answer 35

Sir Francis Galton

Question 36

his first paper on the subject of fingerprint
was published in the scientific journal Nature in 1880. Examining his
own fingertips and those of friends, he became convinced that the
pattern of ridges was unique to each individual.

Answer 36

Sir Henry Faulds

Question 37

was a British officer in India who used

fingerprints for identification on contracts.

Answer 37

Sir William James Herschel