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Classical Religion > Personal Experience Of The Devine > Flashcards

Personal Experience Of The Devine Flashcards

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1
Q

An example of a mystery cult

A

Eleusinian Mysteries

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2
Q

An example of a healing cult

A

Cult of Asclepius

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3
Q

An example of an oracular cult

A

Cult at Dodona

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4
Q

What does the word ‘mystery’ relate to?

A

The Greek word for initiate ‘mystes’

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5
Q

Word meaning the revelation of the secret

A

Epopteia

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6
Q

What was the benefit an eleusinian member would receive after death?

A

Granted eternal life in the Eleusinian Fields

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7
Q

What are the Eleusinian Fields?

A

A type of paradise initially reserved for gods, heroes and mortals related to them

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8
Q

Where is Eleusis? (2)

A

15 miles west of Athens, over looking the island of Salamis

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9
Q

What is the site most famous for?

A

Hosting the mysteries of Demeter and Persephone

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10
Q

What evidence provides the myth of Persephone’s abduction?

A

Homeric Hymn to Demeter

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11
Q

What piece of literature recounts the tale of the destruction of the Herms and the revelation of the mystery’s secret?

A

Thucydides: Rhetoric and History

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12
Q

Who is the Athenian general that Thucydides blames?

A

Alcibiades

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13
Q

What play takes a humours approach to the mystery’s and who wrote it?

A

Aristophanes’s Frogs

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14
Q

What information does the play Frogs give on mystery’s? (6)

A 
Holding torches- Night
Singing dancing and drinking 
Feasting and sacrifices 
Travel along the sacred way
Wore wreath leaves
Led by Iacchus- God assimilated with Dionysus
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15
Q

PRESCRIBED SOURCE: Ninnion Tablet

What are the two alternative interpretations? (2)

A

OCR: Shows the climax of the procession

Kevin Clifton: shows the beginning and the end of the procession with Demeter and Persephone reunited

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16
Q

PRESCRIBED SOURCE: Ninnion Tablet
Who gave the tablet?
Where was it found?
What date is the tablet? (3)

A

A woman named Ninnion
Attica- Within the temple complex
400-300 BC

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17
Q

Who could join the Eleusinian mystery?

A

Anyone- as long as they hadn’t committed murder and spoke Greek

(This was unique for a Greek festival)

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18
Q

How long did the events of the Eleusinia take place?

What time of year?

A

9 days

Autumn

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19
Q

Approximately how many gathered in the agora on the first day?

A

3,000

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20
Q

What is a mystagog?

A

An initiated member

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21
Q

What is a mystes?

A

Uninitiated member

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22
Q

What was the role of the Archon Basileus?

A

Looked after religious affairs within the state

23
Q

What is a hierophant?

A

A head priest

24
Q

What was normally sacrificed on day 7?

A

Piglets

25
Q

What was the name of the special brew drank on the last day?

A

Kykeōn

26
Q

How could others be excluded for the Eleusinian cult? (2)

A

The initiates had to pay a fee as well as being able to pay for an animal sacrifice

27
Q

Why was secrecy so important to the Eleusinian mystery?

A

To keep the cult exclusive and to keep the fear factor when simulating death

28
Q

What did Plutarch say concerning the Eleusinian mystery?

A

“The soul at death has the same experience as those initiated into the mysteries”

29
Q

What was offered at the Mysteries that might be lacking in other cults? (3)

A

Revelation of death
Deals with the issue of the afterlife
A way to elevate status

30
Q

Which statue may of been an initiate of the mysteries or Persephone?

A

Berlin Standing Goddess (570-560)

31
Q

What defines Asclepius as a hero?

A

Trained by Chiron in the Iliad and heals wounded soldiers in the battle of Troy

32
Q

What defines Asclepius as a God

A

Son of Apollo, ascended to Olympus after his death

Has the same epithet of Apollo ‘Paean’ (the healer)

33
Q

Children of Asclepius

A

Hygieia-goddess of sanitation
Iaso- goddess of recuperation
Aceso-the goddess of healing
Aegle-the goddess of the glow of good health

34
Q

Where were the two biggest sanctuaries to Asclepius

A

Epidauros and Kos

35
Q

Why would Greeks visit the healing sanctuaries?

A

Some came to thank the gods for cures received while others came seeking a cure at the sanctuary

36
Q

Why and when did the Athenians erect a new Asclepieon?

A

420 BC- a few years after a plague devastated the city of Athens

37
Q

What was incubation

A

Sleeping in the stoa of the sanctuary or under the open sky until the individual had the required dream and was healed

38
Q

Extra credit tablet: Asclepius

A

The Healing of Archinus at Oropos
370 BC
Asclepius healing Archinus
A man participating in incubation

39
Q

How else could people be healed at the healing sanctuaries?

A

They could be operated on by the temple physicians or through prescribed medicine

The snakes of the gods venom were also considered healing

40
Q

PRESCRIBED SOURCE: Tyche

4

A

Anatomical votive offering (leg)
Given by Tyche
Inscribed to Asclepius and Hygeia
Found on a shrine to Asclepius on the island of Melos

41
Q

What did the Greeks blame when the healing failed? (2)

A

Human error

That they hadn’t prayed or given enough sacrifice/libations to the gods

42
Q

Examples of healing inscriptions found in sanctuaries to Asclepius (2)

A

Cleo- pregnant for 5 years healed by incubation

Aristagora of Troezen- tapeworm/beheaded then healed by Asclepius in a dream

43
Q

What might be the historical truth behind Cleo’s 5 year pregnancy?

A

A phantom pregnancy

44
Q

Why were tablets displayed at sanctuaries?

A

To show others entering the sanctuary that the incubation treatment works?

45
Q

What is an Oracle? (3)

A

The institution of an oracle
A person/item that gives a prophecy
The ocular vision

46
Q

Which piece of epic text refers to the sanctuary of Zeus at Dodona

A

The Odyssey- Odysseus claimed to have gone to Dodona in order to hear Zeus will from the lofty oak

47
Q

How did priestess at Dodona interpret the words of Zeus?

A

Through the rustling of leaves and

doves

48
Q

What was an alternative method to receiving a prophecy through the priestesses?

A

Divination by lot

49
Q

What were the most common questions asked by people at Dodona?

A

Travelling, family and which gods to pray to

50
Q

What kind of people were more likely to go to Dodona and why?

A

Individuals- larger sanctities such as the one at Delphi were often meant for city states/kings (Delphi open 9 days a year)

51
Q

Give examples examples of tablets found at Dodona (3)

A

Ariston- whether to sail to the colony of Syracuse at a later time

Paramenides- whether he’ll fare better at home

Kleanor- how many offspring he will have with his wife Gonthe

52
Q

Who could go to Dodona?

A

Anyone- including women and slaves

53
Q

How many tablets were found at Dodona?

A

Approximately 4,000

Classical Religion (6 decks)

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