Personal Development

Question 1

It refers to a close connection between adolescents, formed by emotional bonds and interactions.

Answer 1

Personal Relationships

Question 2

The said bonds grow from and are strengthened by mutual experiences. Are not permanent. They develop and continually change over time that derives some benefits from them where we need skills, information, inspiration, practice and social support.

Answer 2

Personal Relationships

Question 3

The type of relationship which to closely associated with a person and which can only have meaning in this person

Answer 3

Personal Relationships

Question 4

The two characteristics that define personal relationship.

Answer 4

Privacy and Intimacy

Question 5

It also involves a degree of commitment to another person of persons in contrast, an impersonal and informal relationship may have a commitment not to a person of group of persons, but to an entity such as business organization, a principle, or cause.

Answer 5

Personal Relationships

Question 6

Notes a research finding by Bowly (1982) that our succeeding relationships in the future are all shaped largely by our attachment to our parents, A mother who gazes at her child’s face and the child responding with a smile are the foundations of our sense of physical and psychological well-being.

Answer 6

Rozenberg Quarterly

Question 7

Is when the primary caregiver is the most of the time present and available and when all the emotional needs of an infant are met providing a sense of security to the infant. Chances are, a child who is exposed to this style of attachment will grow up to have more secure and stable relationships

Answer 7

Secure Attachment

Question 8

Is when the primary caregiver is cold and detach and even unresponsive to child’s need. The child senses rejection and this often leads to premature detachment and self-reliance. A person who experienced this style of attachment in infancy and childhood will oftentimes experience unstable relationships in the future and may even clam to be the “rugged individual who can go through life with little established relationships where intimacy is present.

Answer 8

Avoidant Attachment

Question 9

Is when the primary caregiver is not consistent in terms of presence and in meeting, a child’s emotional needs. Often, a person who experienced this style of attachment in childhood may have mixed feelings between hesitancy and commitment when entering into meaning in relationship.

Answer 9

Anxious-ambivalent Attachment

Question 10

According to Fischer, there are three stages of falling in love

Answer 10

1. Lust
2. Attraction
3. Attachment

Question 11

It is driven by the sex hormones, testosterone, and estrogen. These hormones affect

Answer 11

Lust

Question 12

Is described as the love-struck phase, which involves neurotransmitters in the brain such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This is the stage when a person

Answer 12

Attraction

Question 13

Is when the couple in love decides to continue with the relationship, they enter the attachment stage where long-lasting commitments are exchanged, and may lead to farsing a family. Special hormones are also secreted during this stage Oxytocin, which is released during childbirth to help in breastfeeding and during orgasm, is believed to promote intimacy, and vasopressin, which promotes long-term relationships

Answer 13

Attachment

Question 14

Also involves our unconscious assessment of another person’s gone through their physical appearance. These genes are usually determinants of good health that will also produce healthy children. Both male and female are often attracted to symmetry because this is also an indication of reproductive health, particularly with women whose waist to hip ratio is ideally pegged at 0.70

Answer 14

Attraction

Question 15

An odorless chemical found in urine and sweat and can only be detected through organ as the nose, are also involved in the assessment of a future mate, this is an indication of a person’s immune system. Research indicates that women prefer men whose immune systems are different from theirs.

Answer 15

Pheromones

Question 16

Rozenberg’s Theories and Research Results related to attraction and liking

Answer 16

1. Transference Effect
2. Propinquity Effect
3. Similarity
4. Reciprocity
5. Physical Attractiveness
6. Personality Characteristics and Traits

Question 17

Proximity as another possible factor why we like a person. We often develop a sense of familiarity with people who live close to us, work with us, or go to school with us, which leads us to liking then more, people we are familiar with make us feel safe and secure.

Answer 17

Propinquity Effect

Question 18

These are times we meet people who we immediately like or dislike. Usually, these people remind us of someone in the past who has affected our sense of self behavior. On past relationship can therefore affect mor current interactions with people. We may prefer some and avoid others because of a bad experience we had with someone we associated this new person with.

Answer 18

Transference Effect

Question 19

We often like people who we have similarities with, such as social class background, religious beliefs, age, and education. We often attracted to like-minded persons who have similar beliefs and values as ours.

Answer 19

Similarity

Question 20

We like people who like us back. It is a stronger basis for liking another person than similarity. The more we liked by someone we equally like, the more we behave in ways to promote mutual feelings of liking.

Answer 20

Reciprocity

Question 21

Is a major factor of liking someone, and usually, first impression counts a lot, too. Connotes positive health and reproductive fitness, Which are both essential to human survival. The physical features that are usually found as attractive are average facial features, which are found to be a component of beauty, higher cheekbones, thinner jaws, and large eyes. Average facial features do not mean common, but rather fall within the average of a population. Bilateral symmetry is also found to be attractive.

Answer 21

Physical Attractiveness

Question 22

People get attracted to two characteristics that lead to liking other person, these emphatic persons, who exude warmth and sympathy and who are also optimistic and maintain positive views; and socially competent persons, who are good communicators and enjoy good conversations

Answer 22

Personality Characteristics and Traits

Question 23

Robert Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

Answer 23

1. Intimacy
2. Passion
3. Commitment

Question 24

Intimacy+Passion

Answer 24

Romantic Love

Question 25

Passion+Commitment

Answer 25

Fatuous Love

Question 26

Intimacy+Commitment

Answer 26

Companionate Love

Question 27

Intimacy+Passion+Commitment

Answer 27

Consummate Love

Question 28

Researchers Reis, Clark and Holmes (2004), and Reis and Shaver (1998) defined
it as “that lovely moment when someone understands and validates us.” In more poetic manner, John Joseph Powell, author of the book. The Secret of Staying in
Love defined it with these words “It is an absolute human certainty that no one can know his own beauty……”

Answer 28

Intimacy

Question 29

It is a key component in developing intimacy, where self-disclosure is practiced which leads to profound and meaningful conversation that nature and strengthen intimacy Self disclosure requires honesty for it to work, and is a tool in enhancing the love relationship between two persons.

Answer 29

Communication

Question 30

It is an act of deciding to consistently fulfill and live by agreements made with reaction another person, entity, or cause, and where the valves of integrity and respect serve as a guide to one’s behavior and lovable relationship is expressed continuously in caring and loving actions for the beloved

Answer 30

Commitment

Question 31

Defined in generic terms is the intense state of being that drives and consumes a
person to pursue an interest, a vision, or a person in terin of roctionmantic love, passion connote sexual attraction as well as intimacy. Sternberg proposed eight forms of love based on the combinations created by these three components, intimacy commitments and passion Referring to the graphic below, we observe the seven combinations that make up the different types of love. The eight types of love is the absence of the three components and referred to by Sternberg as non-love

Answer 31

Passion

Question 32

Serves as the first step toward liking someone and among all the basis of attraction that were discusses, reciprocity (mutual liking) is what triggers a couple to move toward romance and intimacy, and eventually, to commitment

Answer 32

Attraction

Question 33

Means you will keep on treating your partner with respect even if you are upset or angry. Also means that you promise to support your partner now and in the future

Answer 33

Commitment

Question 34

Tend to be less intimate, with lesser self-disclosure involved, but may still be exclusive, and may demand certain levels of loyalty as in fraternities or religious organizations, and to a lesser extent, loosely knitted social clubs like practitioners of certain specialized professions.

Answer 34

Social Relationships

Question 35

Usually find themselves in the company of their peers, usually from the school or the neighborhood.
From high school to college, adolescents mature faster socially, and new lessons are learned especially on how their social interactions affirm their self-identity, increase their self-esteem, and develop their capacity to nurture relationships

Answer 35

Middle and late adolescents

Question 36

Daniel Goleman, explained in his book. Social Intelligence The New Science of Human Relationships (2006), how our brains are wired to connect with other people, and how part of the human brain located just above the eyes called the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is connected directly to the three(3) major regions of the brain the cortex, the amygdala, and the brain stem. Goleman pointed out that the OFC provides an immediate connection between though, emotions, and behavior. It immediately calculates our feelings and thought about a person and how that other person feels and thinks about us, and what actions we take after this quick assessment

Answer 36

Emotional Intelligence

Question 37

As things such as behavior, actions attitude, concepts, ideas, communications, wealth, and other resources that bring about changes in the beliefs, attitudes, and/or behavior of persons as a result of the action/s of another person.

Answer 37

Social Influence

Question 38

VARIETIES OR TYPES OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Herbert Kelman, a Harvard psychologist, suggested that there are three (3) varieties of social influence, namely:

Answer 38

1. Compliance
2. Identification
3. Internalization

Question 39

Is when a person seems to agree, and follows what is requested or required of him or her to do or believe in, but does not necessarily have to really believe or agree to it.

Answer 39

Compliance

Question 40

Is when a person is influenced by someone he or she likes or looks up to like a movie star, social celebrity, or a superhero:

Answer 40

Identification

Question 41

Is when a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is willing to make it known publicly and privately.

Answer 41

Internalization

Question 42

A type of social influence that involves a change in behavior, belief, or thinking to be like others. It is the most common and pervasive form of social influence. Is very strong particularly among middle and late adolescents. This is supported by the fact by the fact that an adolescent in this age group is most susceptible to a compelling need to seek approval from others and be accepted by them in order to become a friend and to belong to a social group.

Answer 42

Conformity

Question 43

Occurs when an individual whole-heartedly changes his or her original thinking and beliefs, actions, and attitudes to align with those of the other members of a group.

Answer 43

Conversion

Question 44

Happens when a bigger number of people are influenced by much smaller number or people and when the minority’s way of looking at and doing things are accepted

Answer 44

Minority influence

Question 45

Is when there is a willing rejection of a social influence being exerted on an individual or group.
This is also known as anti- or non-conformity. Is a reverse reaction to some social influence that is being imposed by a person or a group on another.

Answer 45

Reactance

Question 46

Is another form of social influence wherein a person follows what someone tells him or her to do although it may not necessarily reflect the person’s
set of beliefs or values.

Answer 46

Obedience

Question 47

Is used by one person or group to influence another to change their beliefs, action, or attitudes by appealing to reason or emotion

Answer 47

Persuasion

Question 48

The action of leading a group of people of an organization.
Chester Barnard (1983) defined it as the ability of a person in person in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a manner that goals are achieve

Answer 48

Leadership

Question 49

Often typecast as someone who is the head of a group of people by virtue of having great strength and wisdom, or may have inherited a position of power even if strength and wisdom were not part of his person’s virtues

Answer 49

Leader

Question 50

Is also annexed to leadership as espoused by French and Raven (1960) who said that a leader may obtain power through various means and sources, such as position, giving rewards, expertise, respect, or coercion

Answer 50

Power

Question 51

THERE ARE SEVERAL EXISTING THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

Answer 51

1. Trait Theory
2. Behavioral Theory
3. Participative Theory
4. Situational Theory
5. Transactional Theory
6. Transformational Theory

Question 52

This theory defines leadership based on certain personality traits which are generally suited for all leaders, such as decisiveness, persistence, high level of self- confidence, and assertiveness, among others. Leaders are born not made

Answer 52

Trait Theory

Question 53

This theory presupposes that leadership is a learned behavior, and that leaders are defined according to certain types of behavior they exhibit.

Answer 53

Behavioral Theory

Question 54

The opposite of an autocratic leader, the participative leader involves other people to make common decisions.

Answer 54

Participative Theory

Question 55

This theory assumes that there is no one style of leadership and that leadership behavior is based on the factors present in a situation, and usually takes into consideration how followers behave.

Answer 55

Situational Theory

Question 56

This theory states that leadership involves a transaction or negotiation of resources or position, usually employs reward and punishment.

Answer 56

Transactional Theory

Question 57

This theory involves a vision, which a leader uses to rally support from followers, and the role of the leader is in motivating others to support the vision and make it happen.

Answer 57

Transformational Theory

Question 58

THREE (3) BASIC AXIOMS OF LEADERSHIP by Rob Goffee and Gareth Jones (2006)

Answer 58

1. Leadership is situational
2. Leadership is not-hierarchical
3. Leadership is relational

Question 59

This means that leader’s behavior and what is required of him will always be influenced by the situation.
It means that a leader is able to assess a situation quickly, adjust to it, and provide the appropriate and necessary action to address it for the benefit of his followers.

Answer 59

1. Leadership is situational

Question 60

The exercise of leadership is not based on one’s position in an organizational chart alone, but also dependent on other factors such as characteristics. skills, and even connections.

Answer 60

Leadership is non-hierarchical

Question 61

Leaders and followers establish a relationship where their interests are mutually met. The role of a leader in this relationship can vary from being a visionary to cheerleader

Answer 61

Leadership is relational

Question 62

The Four Essential Types of family Structures).

Answer 62

1. Nuclear or Traditional Family
2. Extended Family
3. Single Parent Family
4. The Childless Family

Question 63

Is comprised of a father, a mother, and their offspring/s. Usually, the father in the traditional family plays the role of the breadwinner while the mother stays at home to manage the house and the children contemporary lifestyles are changing this traditional set-up, win the reversal of roles between the mother and the father.

Answer 63

The nuclear or traditional family

Question 64

In contrast to the two-income or traditional household, there is a parent who rears the child or children while earning for the offspring/s. This single parent may be supported by relatives or hired caregivers to take care of the growing children, which is now a common occurrence in many Asian countries such as Singapore and Hong Kong. The parents or relatives may assist a Filipino single parent financially. Sometimes, the single parent will decide on cohabiting with a partner who is not the biological parent of the child. The cohabiting partner may not necessarily reside with the single parent and the child.

Answer 64

Single parent family

Question 65

It is a very common family arrangement found in many parts of the world and most particularly in Asia. The extended family is the nuclear family plus the parents of either the husband or the wife, or both their parents, depending on the arrangements they make. Sometimes, a single brother or sister of either one of the couple may also be part of the extended family if there is a need for household help, the first option is to seek out a poorer relative from the provinces to serve the family’s need.

Answer 65

The extended family

Question 66

Is just the couple without any child or children, and who may be living all by themselves. They may or may not have household help assisting around the house

Answer 66

The childless family

Question 67

The ______ is considered the first place where growing children learn their basic social skills. The interaction and quality of relationship between parent and child are said to determine the child’s future relationships as he or she matures toward adulthood (Papalia and Feldman 2012; quoting Overbeek, Stattin, Vermulst. Ha, and Engels 2007).

Answer 67

family

Question 68

May vary based on the family structure present in the home: For the nuclear or traditional family, the values, social skills, and behavior are directly learned from the parents (and/or primary caregivers). These are expressed in their unique parenting styles, the nature of parental authority they practice, and the general atmosphere at home. For a single parent family, the absence of one parent (either the father or the mother) may create an impact on the growing child who would normally look up to authority as role models. Oftentimes, single parents try to become both the mother and the father, or may seek out a relative (usually of the opposite sex of the single parent) to stand in to compensate for the absence of the other parent. Depending on how the single parent manages the child, he or she may grow up well-adjusted or problematic.

Answer 68

Family influences

Question 69

Have both positive and negative influences on the child. On the one hand, the
presence of different generations within a home provides the child a sense of stability in relationships as he or she witnesses firsthand how relationships can work and endure challenges. and to see a continuum in the family line. The presence of grandparents also provides the child a sense or anchoring or rooting to the family’s history thus, enabling the child to appreciate family heritage and traditions. On the other hand, the presence of grandparents nay create some confusion to a child, particularly when the biological parents may adopt a parenting style that is opposite that of the grandparents

Answer 69

Extended families

Question 70

Is a key factor in the psychosocial development of an adolescent and it is believed to foster a healthy and positive impact on the adolescent’s development (Papalia and Feldman 2012: quoting Baumrind 1991, 2005). Authoritative parents are those who insist on their child learning important values, norms, and rules, but are also willing to sit down to listen and negotiate with them should they resist (Papaha and I eliman 2012).

Answer 70

Authoritative parenting

Question 71

A parent wielding behavioral control over a child such as providing curfews during weekends or limited time for the child to be online is believed to develop better-adjusted children

Answer 71

Authoritarian Parenting

Question 72

Is about exercising control over a child’s behavior but not the child’s emotions, beliefs, and self-concept. This psychological control imposed by a parent on a child through emotional manipulations or the withdrawal of love and caring can harm the child’s psychosocial development and neural health.

Answer 72

Authoritative parenting

Question 73

A graphical map of a family’s history that and illustrates patterns in its structure and characteristics traces and illustrates pattern in its structure and characteristics using special symbols to describe relationships, major events, diseases, traditions, social and personal beliefs and rituals, cultural heritage, religious beliefs, value systems, philosophies about life, and the dynamics of a family over several generations.

Answer 73

Genogram