Persian And Peloponnesian War Flashcards
What was the Greek plan for the second Persian war
Some Greeks in the Peloponnesus wanted to. Meet the Persians at isthmus of Corinth. Many Greeks wanted to fight at Thermopylae or hot gates. It was a place where the geography naturally formed a choke point.
Who was ephialties?
A Greek traitor who told the Persians about a pass around Greek Army
Why did xerxes take over and what did he do?
He took over after Darius’ death and assembled a new army and navy to attack Greece.
Who was Darius and how did he die?
Darius was the father of xerxes and was killed while putting down a rebellion. Darius was also
Why was the Greek league formed?
To counter Persian threat (31 city-states in southern Greece)
What did Themistocles convince the Athenians to do?
Use money from silver mine to build navy with 200 new warships
What was the impact of the battle of marathon?
Athens had a boost in prestige. Athens also showed that Persia could be beaten giving hope to the city-states. Next time the Persians returned they would be more prepared
Who fought in the Peloponnesian wars
Athens and sparta
Who won the Peloponnesian war in 404 B.C.
Sparta
What were the Spartans terms of surrender?
Democracy replaced with oligarchy, Delian league shut down, long walls taken down, they were lenient
What was the Great War to the Greeks
It was a world war
What did Thucydides warn us about the Peloponnesian war in his histories years later
The longer they went on the more violent, ugly and less civilized they became
How did both Sparta and Athens feel
They felt that their way of life was being threatened by the other power
What league did Athens and about 150 other city states form
The Delian league
What was the basis of the Delian league
If any of the members were attacked, the other league members would come to their support
Why was the Delian league formed
A way to protect against a possible Persian invasion
Why did many Delian league members think the threat of Persia was gone
The Delian league navy crushed the Persian navy so badly in an important battle in eurymrdon
Why did some members want to leave the Delian league
Athens treated the city states poorly
What did the Delian league become
More of an Athenian empire it was impossible to back out
What was the pentecontaetia
The period of fifty years between the end of the Persian wars and the beginning of the Peloponnesian wars
What was interesting about the way that Thucydides described the Peloponnesian wars
It was the first time in history emotion was said to be the cause of war (fear)
What happened that caused Sparta to ask the Athenians for help
A great earthquake in 465BC
What did Corinth complain about when the Peloponnesian league met in 432 BC
Sparta was not doing enough to control Athens
How did Pericles feel about the war
He was confident in a quick Athenian victory
What was the Athenian plan if Sparta were to invade
They would hide behind the long walls. Pericles knew that the Spartans had no knowledge of siege warfare or destroying walls. The Spartans could destroy the farmland of Attica, but grain would continue to flow from the Black Sea
What did king archidamius do
The king of Sparta invaded athenian territory
Why did Pericles say Athens would win
Because Athens way of life was clearly better than Spartas
How did Pericles feel about how Athens would win
The Spartans would eventually become frustrated by the long walls and agree to peace in Athens terms
Why did Pericles plan originally fail
A plague hit Athens grain coming from the Black Sea was tainted and people were dying long walls became a prison and Spartans left so they wouldn’t get sick the war kept going
How did the Athenians gain a foothold in the Peloponnese
Taking the old city of pylos
Spartans surrendered after Athenians starved them where did they go from there
They signed a 50 year peace treaty shaky at best
Why did Athens take on war with Sicily and attack Syracuse
If Athens took on Syracuse all of the Sicily would fall
Why was Alcibiades set to be put in trial
Breaking statues
Who was put in charge of the expedition in replace of Alcibiades
Nicias
What happened after nicias’ reinforcements he called for arrived
Athens decided the war was lost and to head back home. A lunar eclipse prevented them from leaving the harbor. Syracusans put a metal chain across the harbor. Athenians tried to flee via land but were killed or thrown into pits to starve
Why did the spartan king return to Sparta
Alcibiades was flirting with the queen of Sparta
Why did Athens want alciabuades to return
Because he had a big influence on Persia
Why did Alcibiades retire
He didnt want to face trial after being defeated by Lysander
What was a cause for the tension that began between Athens and Sparta at the end of the Persian wars
Different city states throughout Greece turned to either Sparta or Athens because they wanted protection in case of another Persian invasion
One long term effect of the Persian war
The Delian league
How did the Delian league function what was its purpose
Democratic alliance between Greek city states and Athens. The league payed for the campaign to free city states that were still under Persian control. It also helped Athens grow very wealthy because of the taxes they had on other members of the league
When did the Delian league begin to break down
City state thasos rebelled because they didn’t like the league or the taxes to Athens. This rebellion was soon crushed, but it was the first time there was a decision made only in the interest of Athens and not the entire league
How did the existence of the Delian league lead to the Peloponnesian wars
Cumin began to be wildly disliked which caused Pericles to become eager to turn the Delian league into an empire for Athens which cause conflict.
What happens in the second Persian war
Persian weapons and armor were not effective against Greece l. Bulk of Greek army retreats back to evacuate Athens. Spartans fight to the end
Cause and effect of Peloponnesian war
- Athens and Sparta
- Delian league vs. Peloponnesian league
- 27 years
- athens suffers setbacks
- Pericles + 1/3 of population is killed
- Sparta captures amphipolis an Athenian colony
- Sicilian expedition cripples Athenian navy and army
How did Persia respond to athenian interference in the battle of marathon
Sent over a troop of 25,000 to attack Athens
How did Athens respond to Persia’s troop of 25,000
Mustered up 11,000 soldiers
Who won the battle of marathon
Athens had an unlikely victory 192 casualties while Persia suffered 6,400
How did Themistocles feel about the battle of salamis
Worried that alliance might fall if they don’t fight soon
What did Greeks do to Persians to trick them
Sent a servant
How did Persians try to outsmart Greece
Sailed out at night to intercept them
What did Greece do to try and defeat the Persian fleet
Sail d out in the morning
What were the results of the Persian war
- Athens formed Delian league
- Athens rebuilt in style
- Athens enters its golden age
- Sparta forms Peloponnesian league
- Peloponnesian wars
What did Phillip II of Macedonia do to take advantage of Greece after the Peloponnesian wars
Invaded forcing many city states into an alliance against persia
Who was miltiades
an Athenian general who led Athenian forces to victory over the Persians at the Battle of Marathon in 490
Who was Themistocles
Athenian politician and naval strategist who was the creator of Athenian sea power and the chief saviour of Greece from subjection to the Persian empire at the Battle of Salamis in 480 bce.
Who was Leónidas
In 480 Leonidas commanded the small Greek force that resisted the advance through Thermopylae of the vast army of the Persian king Xerxes.
Who was Pericles
Pericles (born c. 495 bce, Athens—died 429, Athens) was an Athenian statesman largely responsible for the full development, in the later 5th century bce, of both the Athenian democracy and the Athenian empire, making Athens the political and cultural focus of Greece.
Who was xerxes
Xerxes is best known for his invasion of Greece in 480 BC, which ended in Persian defeat. Xerxes was designated successor by Darius over his elder brother Artobazan and inherited a large, multi-ethnic empire upon his father’s death.
Who is Darius
King of Persia father of xerxes
Who was Pheidippides
Battle of Marathon
relates that a trained runner, Pheidippides (also spelled Phidippides, or Philippides), was sent from Athens to Sparta before the battle in order to request assistance from the Spartans; he is said to have covered about 150 miles (240 km) in about two days.
What was the Ionian revolt
Ionian revolt, uprising (499–494 bce) of some of the Ionian cities of Asia Minor against their Persian overlords. The cities deposed their own tyrants and, with help from Athens, tried unsuccessfully to throw off Persian domination.
