Peroxisomes Flashcards

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1
Q

Formation

A
  1. either budding off endoplasmic reticulum and filling it with the necessary compounds
  2. or existing peroxisomes imports free proteins (grows itself)
    - either way you form 2 daughter organelles from fission
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2
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • membrane bound organelles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
  • key role in biomolecule oxidation
  • NOT lysosomes
  • 0.2-1 micrometer
  • urate oxidase crystalline core at a high concentration
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3
Q

Protein Import

A
  • Often Ser-Lys-Ley at C-terminal of protein (like catalase)
  • Proteins do not need to be unfolded
  • Soluble receptors in cytosol + receptor on peroxisome import via a translocator needs ATP
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4
Q

Diversity

A
  • abundant in liver and kidney and can change in number

- diverse set of enzymes like oxidative enzymes

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5
Q

Functions

A
  • uses oxygen to oxidise (+ remove) organic substrates to make water
  • catalase uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidise phenols, formic acid, alcohol, and formaldehyde
  • penicillin biosynthesis
  • cholesterol biosynthesis
  • synthesis of plasmalogens
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6
Q

Beta-oxidation of Long Chain Fatty Acids

A

Uses acetyl CoA oxidase, ACO to release energy

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7
Q

Clinical Relevance

A

Zellweger Syndrome = empty peroxisomes due to mutations in import proteins
X linked adrenoleukodystrophy = can’t import VLCFA in, harmful to myelin
Shai et al (2018) = peroxisome and mitchondrial contact site research

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