Perms & Relaxers

Question 1

The process of chemically altering the natural wave pattern of hair is

Answer 1

Chemical hair services

Question 2

The range of numbers used in the pH scale i

Answer 2

0-14

Question 3

Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair in order to: Restructure the hair

Answer 3

Soften and swell

Question 4

In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is

Answer 4

Highly alkaline

Question 5

Chemical side bonds formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined together are

Answer 5

Disulfide bonds

Question 6

Hydrogen bonds are easily broken by water or heat and are re-formed when the hair is:

Answer 6

Dried

Question 7

In permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and type of rod and the

Answer 7

Wrapping method

Question 8

Rods that are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area are

Answer 8

Straight rods

Question 9

The wrapping technique that provides the most control over hair ends is the

Answer 9

Double flat wrap

Question 10

All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into:

Answer 10

Panels

Question 11

In permanent waving, panels of hair are divided into smaller subsections called

Answer 11

Base sections

Question 12

Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid additional

Answer 12

Stress and tension

Question 13

The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as

Answer 13

Base direction

Question 14

The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are

Answer 14

Croquignole and Spiral

Question 15

In the croquignole method of wrapping, the hair is wound from

Answer 15

Ends to scalp

Question 16

Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called

Answer 16

Reduction

Question 17

In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of

Answer 17

Hydrogen

Question 18

The most common reducing agents used ar

Answer 18

Thioglycolic acids

Question 19

The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves is

Answer 19

Ammonium thioglycolate

Question 20

Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between:

Answer 20

9.0 to 9.6

Question 21

The main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions is

Answer 21

Glyceryl Monothioglycolate

Question 22

All acid waves have three components consisting of the permanent waving lotion, neutralizer, and

Answer 22

Activator

Question 23

Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between

Answer 23

7.8 and 8.2

Question 24

Exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up

Answer 24

Processing time

Question 25

Waves that are activated from an outside heat source are considered

Answer 25

Endothermic

Question 26

Hair that has too many disulfide bonds broken and will not hold a firm curl is considered

Answer 26

Over processed

Question 27

The process that stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form is

Answer 27

Thio neutralization

Question 28

Base sections are offset from each other row by row, to prevent noticeable splits, in which wrapping pattern

Answer 28

Bricklay permanent wrap

Question 29

The double-rod wrap technique is also called the

Answer 29

Piggy back wrap

Question 30

The process of rearranging the basic structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form is

Answer 30

Relaxer

Question 31

The active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers is the

Answer 31

Hydroxide ion

Question 32

Hydroxide relaxers remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond, converting it into a(n)

Answer 32

Lanthionine bond

Question 33

Relaxers that contain only one component and are used without mixing are

Answer 33

Metal hydroxide relaxer

Question 34

Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called

Answer 34

Lye relaxers

Question 35

Relaxers are often marketed and sold as no mix–no lye relaxers are

Answer 35

Potassium hydroxide

Question 36

Relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use are

Answer 36

Guanidine hydroxide

Question 37

Hydroxide relaxers that do not require the application of a protective base are

Answer 37

No base relaxers

Question 38

The difference in the strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration o

Answer 38

Hydroxide

Question 39

During a relaxer strand test, hair that is pressed to the scalp and continues to curl is

Answer 39

Insufficiently relaxed

Question 40

The application for chemical relaxers should be started in the most resistant area, usually the

Answer 40

Back of the head

Question 41

Conditioner with an acidic pH that restores the hair’s natural pH after a hydroxide relaxer is

Answer 41

Normalizing lotion

Question 42

A combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent wrapped on large rods is a

Answer 42

Soft curl permanent

Question 43

Chemical services should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows any signs of

Answer 43

Abrasions

Question 44

Hair that is treated with hydroxide relaxers must not be treated with

Answer 44

Thio relaxers