Permanent Tissue Flashcards
Plant anatomy
Father
Tissue
Types , basis
Study of internal structure
N.grew
A group of cells having a common origin and usually perform a common function
Meristematic, permanent, whether the cell being formed are capable of dividing or not
Meristem,, dervived from
Differentiated/ undifferentiated , cell cycle
Cell wall
Size, shape
Vacuoles , absent
Absent
Growth in plants is largely restricted to specialised regions of active cell , Greek word meristos ( divided
undifferentiated, continuous state of division , immature cells
Have only primary cell wall( secondary cell wall absent),thin flexible , cellulose , abundant plasmodesmal connections
Small , isodiametric
Absent , metabolically high so reserve food absent
Plastids ( +nt proplastid ) ,do not have intercellular spaces , ergastic
Primary meristem
Secondary meristem
Apical meristem occur , responsible
Eg
During formation of primary plant , specific region of apical meristem
Apical , intercalary meristem
Interfasicualar cambium & cork cambium of dicot stem , vascular cambium and cork cambium of dicot root
Occur at tips of root and shoots , for increase for primary growth
Root apex, shoot apex
Produce dermal tissue , ground tissue , vascular tissue
Intercalary meristem occurs
Present
Regenerate
Lateral meristem occurs , increases
Primary lateral meristem
Secondary
Between mature tissue
At base of internode of monocots stems eg grasses , bamboo. sugarcane ,
Base of leaves .
They occur in grasses and regenerate parts removed by grazing herbivores
On lateral sides , circumference/girth / thickness of plant organ
Intrafasicular cambium / fasicualr
Interfasivular cambium and cork cambium of dicot root / stem
Lateral meristem shape
Constitute the Axillary bud
Maximum growth in root takes place , reason
Cylindrical
During the formation of leaves and elongation of stem some cells left Benin from shoot apical meristem
Behind the apex Due to presence of root cap , position of root apical meristem in sub terminal / sub apical
Permanent tissue , formed
Simple permanent tissue . Types
Parenchyma forms , also known as
Eg composed of
Do not generally divide, by division and differentiate of meristmematic region
Made up of structurally one type of cells . Parenchyma , collenchyma , sclerenchyma
The major component within organs , most primitive type , first evolved tissue , it is precursor of other tissue, fundamental tissue , living
Pulp of fruit , body of bryophytes
Parenchyma cell wall ( thick / thin ), made up of
Cell contains . Packed
Shape
Occurrence
Fn of parenchyma
Thin walled , pectocellolose ( mainly cellulosic)
Large vacuole , cells may be either closely packed or have small intercellular spaces
Isodiametric = spherical ( rounded ) , oval , elongated , polygonal
Found in cortex , pericycle , medullary rays , pith , leaf mesophyll etc
Storage (mainly ) , photosynthesis ,secretions
Modification of parenchyma aerenchyma , found,fn
Chlorenchmya found , fn
Collenchyma
Deposition of
Intercellular space , when they contain chloroplasts
Air chambers are surrounded by rounded parenchyma, in cortex region , buoyancy’s to hydrophytes
Mesophyll of leaves , photosynthesis
A living mechanical tissue, devoid of lignin
Of pectin ( mainly),cellulose, hemicellulose occurs mainly at corners
Absent , these cells assimilate
Collenchyam found in ( as either )
Forms the
Also Bear collenchyma why ?.?.
Fn
Stems of herbaceous dicots ( young dicot stem ) below the epidermis either as homogeneous layer ( sunflower stem ) or patches( cucurbita stem )
Hypodermis of dicot stem ( flexible )
Margins of leaf lamina , petiole of leaves , protects the lamina margins from cracking by. Action of wind
Provide mechanical support
Cells of schlerenchyma are , occurs
Types , basis
Fibres are , are walled
Both ends , lumen , occur
Generally long , narrow , thick walled , lignified without protoplasts and dead , in Hypodermis of Monocot stem
Schlereids , sclerenchymatous fibres , of variation in forms , structure, origin,development
Longest cells in plant body , thick walled elongated , pointed cells
Tapering , is reduced, occring in groups in various parts of plants
Sclereids are Shape
Cells have
Commonly found
Small ,dead , highly thickened ,spherical , oval , cylindrical
Pits and lumen cavity is almost very small
In front walls of nuts
Pulp of guava
Pear &sapota ,
Seed coats of legumes
Leaves of tea
Complex permanent tissue absent
Formation of primary xylem and phloem
Xylem fn
For efficient conduction of water , dead tissue are more developed ( what is must )
Xylem more developed, less developed
In gametophyte
During vascularisation in plants differentiation of procambium
Is to conduct water & mineral salts upwards from roots to stem & leaves , mechanical strength
Death of protoplasm is must , in water scarce conditions
Xerophytes , hydrophytes
Xylem elements dead, living
Most primitive , describe , ends
End walls of Tracheids
Maximum bordered pits
Tracheids , vessels, xylem fibres,xylem parenchyma
Tracheids , a single Tracheids is elongated or tube like cell with thick and lignified walls , narrow lumen , tapering, unicellular
Bordered pits, imperforate ( not porous )
Found in Tracheids of gymnosperm plants
Vessels / , is a. Example of
Is ——- each cells are called, devoid of
Why vessels are more capable for the conduction of water,minerals than Tracheids
—— interconnected through , vessels usually contain
Trachea (advanced), a long cylindrical tube like structure with lignified walls and a large central cavity . Dead syncyte
Multicellular, made up of many cells called vessel membrane/ vessel elements Protoplasm
The end wall is perforated
Vessel membrane through perforation in their common walls , simple pit ( 1 pore ) on their lateral wall,s
Tracheary elements , fn
Syncyte
Xylem fibres / wood fibre may be , have
Fn
Tracheids and vessels , in flowering plants main water transporting elements
Structure which is formed by fusion of cells
Septate or aseptate , highly thickened walls and obliterated central lumens
Provide strength to Tracheids and vessels
